Organization and Management

by

Professor Armando S. Rodriguez, Ph.D.

 Module 1
An Overview Of Management And Organization
• What is Management?
• Effectiveness and Efficiency: A Basic Requirement
• What is a manager?
• The Levels of Managers
• Types of Managers
• Management Skills
• Managerial roles
• What is an Organization?
• Basic Principles of Management and Organzation
• Educating Managers
Objectives
At the end of of this chapter , the students are expected to:
1. describe the meaning of management;
2. identify the scope of management;
3. recognize the importance of effectiveness and efficiency in organization;
4. describe the characteristics of a manager;
5. examine the levels of managers in the organization;
6. compare the types of managers;
7. examine the skills required in managing;
8. identify the various roles of a manager;
9. describe the nature of an organization;
10. identify the basic principles of management and organization; and
11. recognize the importance of educating managers.
 What is Management?
Management may be defined as the achievement of organizational
objectives through people and other resources. It consists of several
functions, which may be briefly defined as follows:
1. Decision making - the process by which the decision maker determines
the available alternatives and chooses the best solution that suits a given
problem.
2. Planning - the process of establishing objectives and suitable courses of
action before taking action.
3. Organizing - the process of arranging an organization's structure and
coordinating its managerial practices and use of resources to achieve its
goals.
4. Staffing - refers to to the process of recruiting, placing, trainng,
and developing personnel.
5. Communicating - refers to transferring information from one
communicator to another.
6. Motivating - refers to the act of giving employees reasons or
incentives to work in order to achieve organizational objectives.
7. Leading - the process of directing and influencing task-related
activities of organization members.
8. Controlling - the process of monitoring actual organizational
activities to see that they conform to planned activities and
correcting deviations or flaws.
Effectiveness and Efficiency: A Basic Requirement
An organization can only survive if its activities are effective and efficient. It is the
responsibility of the manager to see that his organization will achieve its objectives
effectively and efficiently. This is so even if such objectives are parts of a bigger
objective.
Effectiveness is a central element in the management process which requires the
achievement of an objective. For instance, a manufacturer chooses a supplier who
provides needed material at the required time and quantity. The action qualifies as
effective.

Efficiency is also a central element in the management process which requires that
the minimum amount of resources is used to achieve an objective.

Note: The secret of success is to have a nice balance of both effectiveness and
efficiency.
 What Is A Manager?
A manager is one who plans, organizes, leads and
controls other individuals in the process of pursuing
organizational goals. Managers are vested tiltles like
president, department head, dean, administrator,
supervisor, team leader and the like.
 The Levels of Managers

Small Organization Medium Organization Large Organization

Single Two Top

Manager
Managers Managers

Front Middle
Line Managers
Managers

Employees Front
Line Employees
Employees Managers
 Top Managers - Responsible for the overall performance of the
organization. They formulate strategies, provide leadership, evaluate and
shape the method of organizing and control the direction of the organization
in the effort to accomplish goals. top managers usually hold titles such as
chief executive officer, president, chairman or senior vice-president.

Middle Managers - direct the activities of other managers and sometimes

also those of operating employees. They work with top managers and
coordinate with peers to develop and implement action plans to accomplish
organizational objectives. Examples of middle managers are the deans of a
University, the plant manager in a manufacturing concern and the branch
manager of a trading firm.
 Lower Level Managers - Responsible for leading
employees in the day-to-day tasks which contribute to the
organization's goals. Of the variuous levels of managers,
they are the ones in direct contact with the employees.
Because of this, they are also referred to “as first line” or
“front line managers”. Apart from performing the other
managerial functions of planning, directing, and organizing,
their tasks include correcting errors or solving problems
directly related to the production of goods and services.
 Types of Managers
Managers may be different from one another in terms of the
work they do. They maybe briefly described as follows:
1. Line Managers - directly concerned with accomplishing the
goals of the organization. example: University President
2. Staff Managers - In charge of units that provide support to the
line units. In doing their work, they use special expertise to advise
the line managers. Example: Comptroller, Director of Pers
3. Administrator - Managers working in government or in non-
profit organizations. Examples: School Admnistrators, provincial
administrators and hospital admnistator.