Examples 1-3:

1. Determine the value of the neutral axis depth, x , of the

compression zone for the section shown in figure 3.12 (a), if
f cu  30 N / mm 2 and f y  250 N / mm 2 . The concrete cover is 30mm

2. With respect to figure 3.12 (b) and (c), determine the lever arm for
each beam section if f cu  25 N / mm 2 and f y  250 N / mm 2

Figure 3.12: Beam section

3. Determine the moment of resistance of the section shown in
figure 3.12 (d), if f cu  25 N / mm and f y  250 N / mm using
2 2

(i) The strength of concrete

(ii) The strength of steel

Example 4
Compute the value of  for a balanced section given that;
f cu  20, 25, 30 N / mm 2 ; f y  250, 410 N / mm 2 .
Example 5
The ultimate moment to be resisted by the section
in figure 3.13 is 200kNm. Determine the area of
tension steel (As) required. Given cuf  30 N / mm 2

and f y  460 N / mm 2
Figure 3.13
Example 6
Determine the ultimate moment of resistance of the cross-section
given in figure 3.14 given that, f  25 N / mm 2 and f  460 N / mm 2 .
cu y
Area of steel As  1470mm 2 .

Figure 3.14
 Example 7: Design of bending reinforcement
for a singly reinforced beam (BS 8110)
A simply supported rectangular beam of 7 m span
carries characteristic dead (including self-weight of
beam), gk, and imposed, qk, loads of 12 kNm−1 and 8
kNm−1 respectively (see Fig.). The beam dimensions
are breadth, b, 275 mm and effective depth, d, 450
mm. Assuming the following material strengths,
calculate the area of reinforcement required. fy =500
Nmm−2 and fcu =30 Nmm−1
 Example 8: Design of bending reinforcement
for a singly reinforced beam (BS 8110)
A simply supported rectangular beam of 7 m span
carries characteristic dead (including self-weight of
beam), gk, and imposed, qk, loads of 12 kNm−1 and 8
kNm−1 respectively (see Fig.). The beam dimensions
are breadth, b, 275 mm and effective depth, d, 450
mm. Assuming the following material strengths,
calculate the area of reinforcement required. fy =500
Nmm−2 and fcu =30 Nmm−1
Example 9: use charts (BS 8110) to design bending
reinforcement for a singly reinforced beam
A simply supported rectangular beam of 7 m span
carries characteristic dead (including self-weight of
beam), gk, and imposed, qk, loads of 12 kNm−1 and 8
kNm−1 respectively (see Fig.). The beam dimensions
are breadth, b, 275 mm and effective depth, d, 450
mm. Assuming the following material strengths,
calculate the area of reinforcement required. fy =500
Nmm−2 and fcu =30 Nmm−1
 Example 10: Design of a simply supported
concrete beam (BS 8110)
A reinforced concrete beam which is 300 mm wide
and 600 mm deep is required to span 6.0 m between
the centres of supporting piers 300 mm wide (see
Fig). The beam carries dead and imposed loads of 25
kNm−1 and 19 kNm−1 respectively. Assuming fcu =30
Nmm−2, fy = fyv =500 Nmm−2 and the exposure class is
MILD, design the beam.
 Example 11: Analysis of a singly reinforced
concrete beam (BS 8110)
A singly reinforced concrete beam in which fcu =30
Nmm−2 and fy =500 Nmm−2 contains 1960 mm2 of
tension reinforcement (Fig). If the effective span is 7m
and the density of reinforced concrete is 24 kNm−3 ,
calculate the maximum imposed load that the beam
can carry assuming that the load is (a) uniformly
distributed and (b) occurs as a point load at mid-span.