INFORMATION AND

COMMUNICATIONS
TECHNOLOGY: AN OVERVIEW
 What is technology?
- the application of scientific knowledge
to the practical aims of human life or, as
it is sometimes phrased, to the change
and manipulation of the human
environment (Britannica).
Technology includes advancement
in communications and how
information is handled improving
decision making, business
processes, and everyday living.
 What is ICT?
- technologies that facilitate the
transfer of information and various
types of electronically mediated
communication (Zuppo, 2012).
IT vs. ICT
 ICT
 Used in a more general sense,
described as using computers and
other digital technologies to assist
individuals or institutions in
handling/using information.
 Technology that supports activities
involving information such as
gathering, processing, storing, and
presenting data. Increasingly, these
activities involve collaboration and
communication.
IT
 A subset of ICT as the technology
used in the field of IT aids in the
use of ICT
 The industry that involves
computers, software, network, and
other IT infrastructure to help relay
or manage information important in
modern-day living.
Breakdown of
ICT
 Information
 the knowledge obtained from
reading, study, investigation,
and research.
Regarded as the processed
data
Processed information is
called knowledge
 Communications
 The act of transmitting
messages
The process in which an
information is exchanged
between individuals through
various means.
 Technology
 The product of science
Makes communication easier
Basic Tools
Evolution
Machines
Combining set Automation Of
of tools to do
tasks faster and A technique of Intelligent System Technology
more efficiently making a process
or system
operates far more
automatically complex and
are
capable of
learning.
 What is a Computer?
- an electronic device, operating
under the control of instructions stored
in its标题文本预设
own memory, that can accept and
manipulate data according to specified
rules, produce results , and store
results for future use.
History of Computer
 First Generation Computer (1946-1959)

1946 – ENIAC (Electronic

Numeric Integrator and
标题文本预设
Calculator) designed by J.
Presper Eckert and John
W. Mauchly from the
University of
Pennsylvania

History of Computer
 First Generation Computer (1946-1959)

the first electronic

标题文本预设
computer and was
considered the first
generation of computer

History of Computer
 First Generation Computer (1946-1959)

was a modular computer,

composed of several panels
capable of performing
different functions. It could
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only store limited or small
amount of information and
only do arithmetic
operations such as addition
and subtraction up to 10
digits

History of Computer
 First Generation Computer (1946-1959)

the computer was roughly

167 square meters and
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weighed 27 tons that uses
vacuum tubes

History of Computer
 Second Generation Computer (1959-1965)

TRANSISTORS are used

as the interior sections of
标题文本预设
the computer;

History of Computer
 Second Generation Computer (1959-1965)

smaller, faster and more

dependable than the
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vacuum tubes of the first
generation computers

History of Computer
 Second Generation Computer (1959-1965)

generated less heat and

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consumed less electricity
but were still very costly

History of Computer
 Third Generation Computer (1965-1971)

Jack Kilby (1965) invented

the INTEGRATED
CIRCUIT (IC) that was
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used instead of
TRANSISTORS as the
interior sections to build
the computer

History of Computer
 Third Generation Computer (1965-1971)

A single IC has many

transistors, resistors and
capacitors that even the full
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circuit board of a transistor
can be replaced entirely
with one chip; smaller,
unfailing, effective
computers.

History of Computer
 Fourth Generation Computer (1971-1980)

VLSI (VERY LARGE

SCALE INTEGRATED)
CIRCUITS were used to
标题文本预设
build computers.

History of Computer
 Fourth Generation Computer (1971-1980)

these circuits have about 5,000

transistors and other circuit
elements with their connected
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circuits on a single chip known
as the microprocessor

History of Computer
 Fourth Generation Computer (1971-1980)

Personal computers became

more powerful,
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dense, reliable
and inexpensive using these
chips

History of Computer
 Fourth Generation Computer (1971-1980)

other application that uses

these chips
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are pocket
calculators, TV, automotive
devices and audio and video
appliances

History of Computer
 Fifth Generation Computer (1980-)

VLSI technology has evolved

into Ultra Larger Scale
Integration (ULSI), with the
标题文本预设
manufacture of microprocessor
chips having 10 million
electronic components

History of Computer
 Fifth Generation Computer (1980-)

it involves computer intelligence

which is associated with AI
(Artificial Intelligence),
标题文本预设 natural
language processing and expert
systems that interpret the means
and practices of producing
computers that think like human
beings.
History of Computer
标题文本预设
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