22 Feb 2013 1

Topics Covered
• Composite Cylinders
• Log Mean Area for hollow cylinder – plane
wall
• Critical thickness of insulation
• HT through Sphere

22 Feb 2013 2
 1 D Conduction(Radial
conduction in a composite
cylinder)
h1
r1
T∞,1
r2
h2
T∞,2 r k k1
3 2

T , 2  T ,1
qr 
R t

T∞,1 T∞,2

1 1
( h1 )(2r1 L ) ( h2 )( 2r2 L)
r1
ln r2 r2
ln
22 Feb 2013 2Lk1 r3
3
2Lk 2
 Logarithmic Mean area for hollow
cylinder
• Convenient to have an expression for heat
flow through hollow cylinder of the same
form as that of for a plane wall.
• Then cylinder thickness will be equal to
wall thickness,
• Area will be equal to Am

22 Feb 2013 4
 Logarithmic Mean area for
hollow cylinder
T2  T1 T2  T1
Qcylinder  and Qwall 
ln( r 2 / r1) ( r 2  r1)
2 KL KAm

T2  T1 T  T1 ln( r 2 / r1) ( r 2  r1)

 2 
ln( r 2 / r1) ( r 2  r1) 2 KL KAm
2 KL KAm

2 L( r 2  r1) 2 L( r 2  r1)
Am  Am 
ln(r 2 / r1) ln(2 Lr 2 / 2 Lr1)

A2  A1
Am 
22 Feb 2013
ln( A2 / A1) 5
 Critical Insulation Thickness
Insulation: A material which retard flow of heat either from
surrounding to system or vice versa, with reasonable
effectiveness is called insulation.

Applications:
•Boilers, steam pipe
•Insulating brick
•Preservation of food and commodities
•Refrigeration & Air conditioning
•Condensers

Common Belief: addition of insulation material on surface

always leads to lower Heat loss
 there are instances when addition of insulation material
does
22 Feb 2013not reduce Heat loss 6
 Critical Insulation Thickness
 For cylindrical pipes, HT increasing first, then decreasing.
 addition increases conduction resistance,
 but decreases convection resistance due to surface area exposed
to environment.
 Total thermal resistance decrease resulting in increase in heat
loss.
 From outer surface of insulation heat is dissipated to
environment by convection.
 As the thickness goes on increasing, area of outer surface
increases, which is responsible for more heat loss thru
convection

22 Feb 2013 7
 Critical Insulation Thickness

Insulation Thickness : r o-r i

T∞ r0
ri
h
Ti

Objective : decrease q , increases Rtot

Vary r0 ; as r0 increases ,first term
increases, second term decreases.

22 Feb 2013 8
 CRITICAL RADIUS OF INSULATION
CYLINDER
 T1  T T1  T
Q 
Rins  Rconv ln(r2 / r1 ) 1

2Lk h(2r2 L)
dRtotal / dr2  0

ln( rr12 ) 1
Rtot  
2 kL (2 r2 L ) h

Thermal conductivity
k
show rcr ,cylinder  External convection heat
h transfer coefficient
22 Feb 2013 9
 Critical Insulation Thickness

dRtot
Set 0
dr2
1 1
 0
2 kr2 L 2 hLr 2
2

k
r2 
h

• Condition for minimum resistance and consequently max

HT
• Radius at which resistance to HT is minimum is called
critical radius
22 Feb 2013 10
 CHOSING INSULATION THICKNESS

r2  rcr
r2  rcr max

r2  rcr
Before insulation check for
critical radius

2k
rcr , sphere 
h
22 Feb 2013 11
 Critical Insulation
Thickness (contd…)
Minimum q at r0 =(k/h)=r c r (critical radius)

R tot
good for
good for steam pipes etc.
electrical
cables
R c r=k/h

r0

22 Feb 2013 12
 1D
1D Conduction
Conduction in
in Sphere
Sphere
r2

r1
k
T∞,2 Inside Solid:
Ts,2 1 d  2 dT 
Ts,1 2  kr 0
r dr  dr 
T∞,1  T ( r )  Ts ,1  Ts ,1  Ts , 2  11rr1//rr  
 

 1 2 

dT 4 k  Ts ,1  Ts , 2 
 qr   kA 
dr 1 / r1  1 / r2 
1 / r1  1 / r2
 Rt ,cond 
22 Feb 2013 4 k 13