EDPUZZEL VIDEO ON THE EFFECTS OF COVID-19

TO GLOBAL ECONOMY

Watch this video which describes the effects of

COVID-19 to world economy. Discuss some important
issues and/ or points being mentioned in the video. In
class, you must be able to discuss the positive and
negative impacts of COVI-19 to global economy. 
 EDPUZZEL VIDEO ON THE EFFECTS OF COVID-19 TO GLOBAL
ECONOMY

Graded Recitation – Group Presentation on the Effects of COVID-19 to Global Economy

Mechanics:
1. You will be assigned a group randomly. Whoever are your groupmates, please establish a kind of
rapport to them.
2. In your group, discuss the effects or impacts of COVID-19 in relation to the Lesson about Economic
Globalization. Select 2 speakers in your group for presentation of your output.
3. Each group is given 5 minutes to discuss the effects or impacts of COVID-19.
4. During the presentation, each group is given only 3 minutes to explain or discuss the output of the
group. Since this activity is a group presentation, the score or grade of one is also the score or grade of
all the members of the group.
FRIENDLY REMINDER

Please take note of the following due dates this week 2 (Sept. 3-7, 2020):

1. Quizizz Activity on History of Global Politics due on Thursday, Sept. 3,

2020@11:59PM. Please, please, please do answer the activity on or
before due date.
2. Puzzel.org Quiz 1 will be due on Friday, Sept. 4, 2020@11:59PM.
Please, please, please do answer the quiz on or before due date.
HISTORY OF GLOBAL POLITICS:
CREATING AN INTERNATIONAL ORDER
INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

1. identify the key events in the development of international relations;
2. differentiate internationalization from globalization;
3. define state and nation; and
4. distinguish between the competing conceptions of internationalism.
HISTORY OF GLOBAL POLITICS:
CREATING AN INTERNATIONAL ORDER

What does the word politics mean?

HISTORY OF GLOBAL POLITICS:
CREATING AN INTERNATIONAL ORDER

Politics
- the activities associated with the governance of a country or other
area, especially the debate or conflict among individuals or parties
having or hoping to achieve power.
- the activities of governments concerning the political relations
between countries.
- the academic study of government and the state.
 
HISTORY OF GLOBAL POLITICS:
CREATING AN INTERNATIONAL ORDER
 The world is composed of many countries or states, all of them having different forms
of government.
 Different political scholars have different interests in studying states.
- There are interested in states and examine the internal politics of these countries.
- Others are interested in the interactions between states rather than their internal
politics.
International relations refers to the study of the political, military, and other diplomatic
engagements between two or more states.
Internationalization refers to the deepening interactions between or among states.
HISTORY OF GLOBAL POLITICS:
CREATING AN INTERNATIONAL ORDER

Question:
Is internationalization just the same with globalization?
Is it equal with globalization?

Let’s have a poll survey of your answer.

HISTORY OF GLOBAL POLITICS:
CREATING AN INTERNATIONAL ORDER
HISTORY OF GLOBAL POLITICS:
CREATING AN INTERNATIONAL ORDER

Internationalization does not equal globalization; it is rather a major

part of globalization since it encompasses a multitude of connections
and interactions that cannot be reduced to the ties between governments.
Internationalization is one window to view the globalization of politics.
The international relations of states today can be largely defined by the
events as far as 400 years ago.
THE ATTRIBUTES OF TODAY'S GLOBAL SYSTEM

World politics today has four key attributes:

1.  There are countries or states that are independent and govern
themselves.
2. These countries interact with each other through diplomacy.
3. There are international organizations, like United Nations (UN) that
facilitate these interactions.
4. Beyond simply facilitating meetings between states, international
organizations also take on lives of their own.
THE ATTRIBUTES OF TODAY'S GLOBAL SYSTEM

What is the difference between nation and state?

The nation-state is composed of two non-interchangeable terms.
Not all states are nations and not all nations are states.
- E.g. Scotland has its own flag and national culture; however, it belongs to a state
called the United Kingdom.
 There are states with multiple nations, there are also single nations with multiple
states.
- E.g. Korea as a nation is divided into North and South, Chinese nation refers to both the
People’s Republic of China (Mainland) and Taiwan.
THE ATTRIBUTES OF TODAY'S GLOBAL SYSTEM

 State refers to a country and its government. E.g. Philippine government

 Nation is an “imagined community” according to Benedict Anderson.

 A state has four attributes:

1. It exercises authority over a specific population.

2. It governs a specific territory.
3. It has a structure of government and crafts various rules that people (society) follow.
4. It has sovereignty over its territory. Sovereignty refers to internal and external
authority.
THE ATTRIBUTES OF TODAY'S GLOBAL SYSTEM

 Nation is limited; it does not go beyond a given “official boundary.” Its rights
and responsibilities are mainly the privilege and concern of the citizens of that
nation.
 Nation allows one to feel a connection with a community of people even if he
will never meet all of them in his lifetime. E.g. Catholic nation
 Nation and state are closely related because it is internationalism that
facilitates state formation.
 Sovereignty is one of the fundamental principles of the modern state politics.
THE INTERSTATE SYSTEM
 The Treaty of Westphalia

- The origin of the present-day concept of sovereignty

- It was a set of agreement signed in 1648 to end the thirty years war among
the major continental powers of Europe.
- It was a system designed or agreed upon by its members – Holy Roman
Empire, Spain, France, Sweden, and Dutch Republic in order to avert wars in the
future by recognizing that the treaty signers exercise complete control over
their domestic affairs and swear not to meddle in each other’s affair.
THE INTERSTATE SYSTEM
The one who challenged the Treaty of Westphalia
THE INTERSTATE SYSTEM
 Napoleon Bonaparte
- He challenged the Westphalian system.
- He spread the principles of the French Revolution – liberty, fraternity, and equality –
to the rest of Europe and thus challenged the power of kings, nobility, and religion in
Europe.
- Napoleonic Wars lasted from 1803-1815 with Napoleon and his armies
marching all over much of Europe.
THE INTERSTATE SYSTEM

- In every country they conquered, they implemented the Napoleonic

Code that forbade birth privileges, encouraged freedom of religion, and
promoted meritocracy in government service.
- Finally, Anglo and Prussian armies defeated Napoleon in the Battle of
Waterloo in 1815 and thus, ending Napoleon’s spread of liberal code
across Europe.
THE INTERSTATE SYSTEM
 The Concert of Europe System

- It was an alliance of great powers – The United Kingdom, Austria, Russia, and
Prussia.
- They sought to restore the world of monarchical, hereditary, and religious
privileges of the time before the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars.
- Austrian diplomat Klemens von Metternich was the system’s main architect.
THE INTERSTATE SYSTEM

- The Concert of Europe’s power and authority lasted from 1815-1915

at the dawn of World War I.
- Present-day international system has traces of history. Until now,
states enjoy sovereignty.
- Concert of Europe’s great powers still hold significant influence over
world politics.
INTERNATIONALISM
Internationalism
- A system of heightened interaction between various sovereign states,
particularly the desire for greater cooperation and unity among states and
people.
- Its principle is divided into two broad categories: (1.) Liberal
Internationalism (2.) Socialist Internationalism
INTERNATIONALISM

Liberal Internationalism
- Immanuel Kant, the 18th century German philosopher, was the first major thinker of
liberal internationalism.
- Kant likened states in a global system of people living in a given territory.
- He believed that without a form of world government, the international system would be
chaotic. Therefore, states must give up some freedoms and establish a continuously growing
states consisting of various nations which will ultimately include the nations of the world.
In short, Kant imagined a form of global government.
INTERNATIONALISM

Giuseppe Mazzini
- The 19th century Italian Patriot. The first thinker to reconcile nationalism
with liberal internationalism.
- He was both an advocate of the unification of the various Italian-speaking
mini-states and a major critic of the Matternich system.
- He believed in a Republican government (without kings, queens, and
hereditary succession) and proposed a system of free nations that cooperated
with each other to create an international system.
INTERNATIONALISM

- For Mazzini, free, independent states would be the basis of an equally free,
cooperative international system. He was a nationalist internationalist who
believes that free, unified nation-states should be the basis of global
cooperation.
- He influenced the thinking of the US President Woodrow Wilson (1913-
1921) who became one of the 20th century’s most prominent internationalist.
INTERNATIONALISM
 Wilson Woodrow
-The 20th century’s most prominent internationalist.
- He saw nationalism as a prerequisite for internationalism.
- Because of his faith in nationalism, he forwarded the principle of self-determination, the
belief that the world’s nations had a right to a free, and sovereign government.
- He became the most notable advocate for the creation of the League of Nations.
- At the end of World War 1 in 1918, he pushed to transform the League into a venue for
conciliation and arbitration to prevent another war.
- For his efforts, Wilson was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1919.
INTERNATIONALISM

 League of Nations
- It came into being in 1919.
- Unfortunately, President Wilson and the US was not able to join the
organization due to the strong opposition from the US Senate.
- The League was unable to hinder another war from breaking out. It was
practically helpless to prevent the onset and intensification of World War II.
On one side of the war were the Axis Powers – Hitler’s Germany, Mussolini’s
Italy and Hirohito of Japan.
INTERNATIONALISM

- On the other the Allied Powers composed of the US, UK, France, Holland,
and Belgium.
- Despite its failure, it gave birth to international organizations like World
Health Organization (WHO) and International Labour Organization (ILO).
- The League was the concretization of the concepts of liberal
internationalism.
INTERNATIONALISM

Kant emphasized the need to form common international principles.

 Mazzini enshrined the principle of cooperation and respect among
nation-states.
Wilson called for democracy and self-determination.
 These ideas would re-asserts themselves in the creation of the United
Nations.
 INTERNATIONALISM
Karl Max
- He was a German socialist philosopher; one of Mazzini’s biggest critic.
- He was an internationalist who did not believe in nationalism.
- He placed premium on economic equality; he did not divide the world into countries, but into
classes.
- The capitalist class referred to the owners of factories, companies, and other “means of
production.”
- The proletariat class included those who did not own the means of production, but instead,
worked for the capitalists.
INTERNATIONALISM

 The Socialist International

- Marx died in 1883. His follwers concretized his vision by establishing international
organization.
- The Socialist International (SI) was a union of European socialist and labor parties
established in Paris in 1889. Although short-lived, the SI’s achievements included the
declaration of May 1 as Labor Day and the creation of an International Women’s Day.
- It campaigned for an 8-hour workday.
- Vladimir Lenin established the Communist International (Comintern)
- Joseph Stalin re-established the Comintern as the Communist Information Bureau
(Cominform)
Thank You!