Point and

Interval
Estimation
 Point Estimation
Point Estimation

 Process of finding single

value,called point estimate,
from a random sample of the
population,to approximate
population parameter.
 

A point estimator is needed to obtain

a point estimate.It is assumed that the
population is normally distributed
when the sample mean is used as a
point estimate of the population
mean.The point estimator of a sample x
 Example 1
• Consider The population consisting of values
(6,2,8,9,3).
Find theObservation
population mean. x
1 6
• 2 2
3 8
4 9
5 3
X=28
•Now consider some possible samples of size 2 drawn
without replacement from the population.
Sample Mean Computation
of X
(6,2) 4 (6+2)/2 = 4
(6,8) 7 (6+8)/2= 7
(6,9) 7.5 (6+9)/2 = 7.5
(6,3) 4.5 (6+3)/2 = 4.5
Consider some sample of size 3 drawn from the
same population without replacement

Sample Mean Computation

of X
(6,2,8) 5.3 (6+2+8) / 3 =
5.3
(6,2,9) 5.7 (6+2+9) / 3 =
5.7
(6,2,3) 3.7 (6+2+3) / 3 =
3.7
Each Mean
(2,8,9)
is a point estimate of the
(2+8+9) / 3 =
6.3
population mean 6.3
 Example 2
•The following are the systolic blood pressure of all teachers in a
private high school
120 110 120 130 120
130 112 125 120 130
120 120 130 110 120
140 115 125 130 115
145 120 123 140 130
110 140 140 120 120
160 120 135 130 125
130 130 140 120 110
125 150 125 110 125
115 120 130 120 130
Compute the Population Mean
 x x x x x
120 110 120 130 120
130 112 125 120 130
120 120 130 110 120
140 115 125 130 115
145 120 123 140 130
110 140 140 120 120
160 120 135 130 125
130 130 140 120 110
125 150 125 110 125
115 120 130 120 130
= 
𝑥 = =125.6
 
µ=
∑
𝑁
 Example 3
Assume that the following systolic blood pressures
were randomly selected from the 50

120 112 120 130 120

140 115 130 110 130
145 140 123 140 115
110 150 140 120 130
130 120 130 120 130

Compute the sample mean X

Solution: x x x x x
120 112 120 130 120
140 115 130 110 130
145 140 123 140 115
110 150 140 120 130
130 120 130 120 130
Total: 645 637 643 620 625
Confidence Interval
-gives an estimated range of values which is likely to include an unknown
population parameter.

Confidence level
- refers to the probability that the confidence interval contains the true
population parameter.

The confidence level = ( 1-𝜶 ) 100%

Where: 𝜶 = probability that the confidence interval does not contain the true
population parameter

Critical Value
- is the value that indicates the point beyond which lies the rejection
region.this region does not contain the true population parameter.
 Formula for interval estimate of population mean when
population variance is known and n ≥ 30.

 
Where:
X = mean of a random sample of size n
n = sample size
𝜎= population standard deviation
Z = z value at confidence level
Solution
Step 1: FIND THE VALUE OF Z

GIVEN X =78 𝞂2 = 0.16 , n = 49

Confidence level is 95%
(1 -𝜶) 100% = 95%
(1 -𝜶) 1=0. 95
(1 -𝜶) =0. 95
𝜶 =0. 05
𝜶/2 =0. 025 𝜶 is divided by 2 since the
interests is on either left or right of the population mean

Subtract 0.025 from 0.5:

0.5-0.025=0.475 or 0.4750.
 
 Confidence level

Lower confidence limit = 77.89

Upper confidence limit = 77.11

Interpretation
The researcher is 95% confident that the sample mean x = 78
differs from the population mean 𝞵 by no more than 0.112 or
0.11.Also , the researcher is 95% confident that the population
mean 𝞵 is between 77. 89 and 78.11 when the mean of the sample is
78.
THANK YOU AND WE
HOPE THAT YOU HAVE
UNDERSTOOD OUR
TOPIC!!!!!

Ryana Louisse C. Perez

Diana Keith S. Hernandez
Jerryll Aerhold P. Melo
Lawrence C. Geron