1.

Write a complete discourse on

“Cascading responses to
International, Social, Political,
Economic, Cultural, Technological,
and Environmental Issues at the
Global, National, and Local Levels to
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Program Curriculum Design”
Global Issue

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Malnourishment and Hunger
Background
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Currently there are 795 million people

who do not have enough to eat.
Long-term success to
ending world hunger starts
with ending poverty.
Background
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There is enough food in the world to go

around but almost a billion people go hungry
every day and a further billion people are
undernourished – not getting enough of the
vitamins and minerals they need to live
healthy and productive lives.
Background
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Without enough to eat, people in

developing countries can’t even begin to
work their way out of poverty.
Background
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We must respond to these challenges

in a sustainable way, making sure food
is fairly distributed, helping people
access nutritious diets and avoiding
damage to the environment that would
put future generations at risk.
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The General Analysis section provides a
broad range of articles and documents on
hunger and food issues.
The Emergency Food Relief
System addresses the most acute food
crises that arise from war, natural disasters
and famine. 
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The globalized Trade and Food
Production System leads to increased
industrial agriculture and contributes to
speculation in agricultural commodities.
The system of agricultural Land
Ownership has grown steadily more
unequal, as financial pressures concentrate
landholdings.
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An international policy process,

coordinated by the United Nations, has been
considering systemic reforms. 
A vigorous alliance of NGOs, agronomists
and food producers has been pressing for
progressive change.
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Experts agree that a whole host of
measures is needed to break the cycle of
malnutrition and poverty, if there is any hope
of turning a hunger for food into a hunger for
education.
Access to clean water, proper sanitation,
health care and routine inoculation are all
important factors in that process.
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"Educating parents, training teachers and
establishing schools that take into account
children's needs in rural areas, must all go
hand in hand," Rudi Tarneden from UNICEF
Germany explained, pointing to the
organization's "Schools for Africa" project.
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Ideally, of course, children should grow up

in an environment that is free of conflicts and
civil wars.
Millions of children not only live in poverty,
but in constant fear for their lives.
Educating mothers
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Women who have suffered from malnutrition
when they were children are more likely to give
birth to malnourished babies, worsening the
problem. Aid organizations therefore emphasize
that it is essential to help mothers and provide
them with all the information and training they
need.
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A political challenge
All that costs money, of course - money
that some countries do not have. But others
do have the funds, which is why aid
organizations call on their governments to
make the fight against malnutrition a priority.
 Seven
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ways in which schools can play a crucial
role in tackling malnutrition, improving diets and
developing good, life-long healthy eating habits:
1. Schools reach children at an age when their
food habits are being formed, when they are open
to new ideas and they learn good practices and
new skills effortlessly.
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2. School gardens are a learning platform
to promote better nutrition, develop life skills
and increase environmental awareness.
Growing and preparing garden food at
school, combined with nutrition education,
increases children’s preferences for fruits
and vegetables.
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3. Schools can establish and enforce

school policies and practices – for example
rules about handwashing – that can improve
health and nutrition. 
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4. Healthy meals and snacks in schools
improves children’s health and nutritional
well-being, enabling them to grow well and
learn well. When combined with nutrition
education, school food can directly improve
student’s health and nutrition while helping
them develop good eating habits.
 
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5. Qualified personnel can teach and guide

children, linking food and nutrition education
with other subjects (e.g. science) and fun
activities. Learning activities can involve
games, role-plays, experiments, talks,
presentations etc. 
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6. By involving families in their children’s
nutrition education and by spurring
community participation, e.g. via school
garden projects or school canteens, there
may be a ripple effect, benefitting a wide
range of people. 
  
7. Schools
z feeding programmes can provide
cost-effective nutrition interventions, as well as
opportunities to practice healthy eating habits and
food safety. In food insecure communities, these
programmes help fight malnutrition and help keep
children in school. They can also improve
incomes and food security of local communities
when locally produced foods are supplied to the
school.
  
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Good nutrition education helps children to

become “nutritionally literate”. They are
informed about the value of nutritious foods,
how it can be prepared and make it
appetizing!