SPEECH SOUNDS

PRODUCTION
PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY
Speech sounds reproduction
process
O FIRST: RESPIRATION

O SECOND: PHONATION

O THIRD: ARTICULATION
 Process…
First stage: Respiration
O The lungs produce the necessary energy in form
of a stream of air.
Second stage: Phonation
O The laryxn serves as the modifier to the
airstream and is responsible for the phonation.
Third: Articulation
O The vocal track modifies and modulates the air
stream by means of several articualtors.
 RESPIRATION
O LUNG AIR is known as PULMONIC AIR
O The lungs produce air for breathing and for speech.
O Breathing: inhalation and exhalation
O -In breathing these two actions cover the same
interval.
O Speaking:
O -In speech inhalation is relatively short whereas the
exhalation period during which the audible output is
produced covers a relatively long period.
 Respiration…
O The air coming from the lungs moves through
the trachea (wind pipe) into the throath, and
on the way the air passes the larynx.

O The primary biological function of the laryxn

is
O to act as a valve by closing off air from the
lungs of preventing foreign substances from
entering the trachea.
 PHONATION
O In speech production the laryxn modifies the
airflow from the lungs in such a way as to
produce an acoustic signal. The air that comes
from the lungs passes between the vocal folds
(vocal chords); the most important effect of
the vocal chord action is the production of
audible vibrations, a buzzing sound known as
voice or vibration, similar to the effect of
blowing air through a rubber bond.
 Phonation…
O Depending on the type of laryngeal action
different modes of phonation can be
distinguised.
O Voicelessness is a default.
O Normal voice refers to normal vocal chords
vibration occuring along most of the lenght of
the clottis.
 ARTICULATION
O ARTICULATION
O So the air after passing through the vocal
chords enters into a long tube structure known
as the vocal tract.
O This the main component where we articulate
speech sounds. In the vocal tract the airstream
is affected by the action of the several mobile
organs, the active articulators.
 Articulation…
O The active articulators are actively involved in
the production of the speech sounds. The main
active articulators are: lower lip, actively
involved in the rounded-vowels and some
consonants; the tongue, involved in the
production of all vowels and most consonants;
the glottis with which phonation and some
specific consonants; and the uvula, active to
producing some consonants.
 Articulation…
O The active articulators are supported by the
passive articulators; these are are specific
organs or locations in the vocal tract which are
involved in the production of the speech
sounds but do not move.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
O The Virtual Linguistics Campus
O PHO103 - Speech Anatomy
O Speaker: Profesor Jürgen Handke (2013)
O LINK: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-
m-gudHhLxc&t=30s