Wireless communications

Lecture-1
Dr.Murtada.M

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 Introduction to wireless
communication
• Wireless communication is the transfer of information
between two or more points that are not connected by an
electrical conductor.
• The most common wireless technologies use radio. With
radio waves distances can be short, such as a few meters for
television or as far as thousands or even millions of
kilometres for deep-space radio communications.
• Other examples of applications of radio wireless technology
include GPS units, garage door openers, wireless computer
mice, keyboards and headsets, headphones, radio receivers,
satellite television,

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 Characteristics

• 1. Mobility
• 2. Reachability
• 3. Simplicity
• 4. Maintainability
• 5. Roaming Services

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 Advantages
• 1. Flexibility
• 2. Ease of use
• 3. Planning
• 4. Place devices
• 5. Durability
• 6. Prices

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 Applications
• 1. Mobile telephones
• 2. Wireless data communications
• 3. Wi-Fi
• 4. Cellular data service
• 5. Mobile Satellite Communications
• 6. Wireless Sensor Networks
• 7. Wireless energy transfer
• 8. Wireless Medical Technologies
• 9. Computer interface devices

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 Types of Services
• Broadcast
• Paging
• Cellular Telephony
• Trunking Radio
• Cordless Telephony
• Ad hoc Networks and Sensor Networks

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 Broadcast
• The first wireless service was broadcast radio. In this
application, information is transmitted to different possibly
mobile users (see Figure 1). Four properties differentiate
broadcast radio:
• 1. The information is only sent in one direction. It is only the
broadcast station that sends information to the radio or TV
receivers; the listeners (or viewers) do not transmit any
information back to the broadcast station.
• 2. The transmitted information is the same for all users.
• 3. The information is transmitted continuously.

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 Broadcast

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 Broadcast
• The transmitter does not need to have any knowledge
or consideration about the receivers.
• There is no requirement to provide for duplex
channels (i.e., for bringing information from the
receiver to the transmitter).
• The number of possible users of the service does not
influence the transmitter.

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 Paging
• Similar to broadcast, paging systems are unidirectional wireless
communications
• systems. They are characterized by the following properties (see
also Figure (2):
• 1. The user can only receive information but can not transmit
consequentially a call can only be initiated by the call centre, not
by the user.
• 2. The information is intended for, and received by, only a single
user.
• 3. The amount of transmitted information is very small.
• Due to the unidirectional nature of the communications, and the
small amount of information, the bandwidth required for this
service is small. This in turn allows the service to operate at lower
carrier frequencies ±e.g., 150MHz.

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 Cellular Telephony
• Cellular telephony is the economically most important form
of wireless communications.
• It is characterized by the following properties:
• 1. The information flow is bidirectional. A user can transmit
and receive information at the same time.
• 2. The user can be anywhere within a (national wide or
international) network. Neither (s)he nor the calling party
need to know the user’s location ,it is the network has to take
the mobility of the of the user into account.

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 Cellular Telephony
• 3. A call can originate from either the network
or the user. In other words, a cellular
customer can be called or can initiate a cell.
• 4. A call is intended only for a single user,
other of the network should not be able to
listen in.
• 5. High mobility of the users. The location of a
user can change significantly during a call.

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 Cellular Telephony

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