Development of Filipino

Nationalism
 Chapter 4. Rizal and Philippine Nationalism

Development of Filipino Nationalism

 Opening of the Philippines to World Commerce
1834 – Spain officially opened manila to World Commerce
 More ports were opened (Sual, Iloilo, Zamboanga, Legaspi)
 Brought prosperity to some Filipinos
 Modern methods of agriculture and improved means of transportations and communications
 Emergence of Filipino middle class
 Influx of Liberal Ideas
1869 – opening of Suez Canal (Europe) – shortened the distant of travel from another
place
 More liberals from Spain and other European nations came to the country via Suez Canal
 Foreigners brought books, newspapers and magazines
 Filipinos were able to read enlightened ideas
 Natives learned also about the American and French Revolution which provided inspiration to them
 The Secularization Movement
 Council of Trent (1545-1563)- decided that parishes were to be administered by secular (local) priest
 Gradually, the secularization movement became racial and natiomal conflict among friars, curates and
the seculars ensues.
 The Liberal Administration of Carlos Maria de la Torre (1869-1871)
> well loved Spanish Governor - General
 Avoided extravagance and lived a simple life
 Abolished flogging
 Allowed Filipinos to form Comite de Reformadores
 Implemented the Moret Decree of 1870
 The Cavite Mutiny
> Rafael Izquierdo (1871-1873) replaced de la Torre
- “with the crucifix in one hand and a sword in the other”
- repealed the exemption from rendering the POLO and the payment of tribute
> January 20, 1872
- about 200 Filipino soldiers and workers in the Cavite Arsenal revolted.
- led by Sergeant Fernando La Madrid
- through the punitive force ordered by Izquierdo, La Madrid was killed
 The Execution of GOMBURZA
 Izquierdo magnified the mutiny as a full blown conspiracy against the Spanish rule allegedly instigated by Fathers:
- Mariano Gomez
- Jose Burgos
- Jacinto Zamora
 Found guilty in a “mock trial”
 Sentence to die by garrote
> February 17, 1872
- the three priests were executed in Bagumbayan
 - ordered the continuous toiling of bells during the execution
Result of the Execution of the Three Priests
 GOMBURZA – password of Katipunan
 “”remember GomBurZa” – slogan of the Propaganda
 The Propaganda Movement
 Three Major Factors for the Peaceful Campaign for Reforms
> Emergence of Filipino middle class
> Liberal administration of Carlos Maria de la Torre
> Execution of GOMBURZA
 Propagandists are simply reformers
> no intention of achieving social changes through armed struggle or revolution
 Objectives of the Movement
> Assimilation of the colony as a regular province of Spain
> Secularization of parishes
> Restoration of the Filipino representation in the Spanish Cortes
> Fundamental freedom of speech of the press, assembly and religion
 Known Member of the Propaganda Movement
Jose Rizal
 Conscience of the movement
Marcelo H. Del Pilar
 Founded the Diariong Taglaog
Graciano Lopez Jaena
 Prince of Filipino Orators
 Contributed the satirical novel, Fray Botod
 Founded the newspaper, La Solidaridad
Pedro Paterno
 Doctor of Law
 Wrote “Ninay”
 Published Sampaguitas
Gregorio Sanciangco
 Lawyer and Economist
 Produced the book, El Progreso de Filipinas
 Masonry and Counter Propaganda
o Masonry
- popular organization for the Filipino exiles
- championed the rights and liberal reforms for all
o Masonic Lodges Founded
> Revolucion by Jaena aat Barcelona
> La Solidaridad by Del Pilar and Julio Liprente
> Nilad by Serrano Laktaw
o Counter Propagandists
- Pablo Feced (Quioquiap)
> A journalist whose writings express hatred and contempt for the reformists
> Published Filipinas: Ezbozos Y Pinceladas
- Wenceslao Retana (Desenganos)
> A rabid defender of Frailocracy
- Fr. Jose Rodriguez (OSA)
> Concentrated his tirades against Jose Rizal
> Wrote “Caiingat Cayo” a searing attack on the Noli Me Tangere
 La Liga Filipina
 Jose Basa helped in drafting the constitution
 July 3, 1892 formal organization at Rajah Matanda in Tondo
 President – Ambrosio Salvadro
 Fiscal – Agustin De la Rosa
 Treasurer – Bonifacio Arevalo
 Secretary – Deodato Arellano
Governing Body
> Supreme Council
> Provincial Council
> Popular Council
- 10 centavos monthly due of each membet
- Liga short lived (3 days) three days after founding, Jose Rizal was arrested and
departed to Dapitan upon order of Governor General Eulogio Despujol
 Failure of the Reform Movement
 Canovite System
> The compromise between the Spanish liberals and the conservatives to rotate between themselves the
control of the government
Problems Encountered by the Propagandists
 Inadequacy of finances
 Funds from the Philippines stopped
La Solidaridad ceased its publication (November 15, 1895)
 Funds from subscription also stopped
 Personal and health problems
> Homesickness
> Differences and conflict of opinions
Del Pilar and Jaena were compelled to change their political platforms from assimilation to
separation on revolt.
> two months after La Solidaridad folded up, Jaena died.
> Del Pilar died on July 4, 1896.
 The Philippine Revolution of 1896
 Andres Bonifacio , a radical member of the Liga initiated the Katipunan or KKK
Primary Objectives of Katipunan
 To unite Filipinos and struggle for the separation from Spain through armed conflict
 August 22, 1896
 Katipunan had conference in Balintawak
 Philippine Revolution began with tearing of their CEDULAS
 Known as Cry of Balintawak where some 500 members of the Katipunan met at the house and yard of
Apolonio Samson and the beginning of the Philippine Revolution against the Spanish Empire
 and as of today the exact date was being disputed