Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Salaver, RMT, MD
Definition
• Mykos (mushroom)
• Logus (study)
• Reproduction
• Asexual
• Sexual
Bacterial vs Fungal Cultures
Optimum temperatures
Answer the following:
Optimum pH
Answer the following:
– A. Shrink
– B. Lyse/Burst
– C. Remain the same
Answer the following:
– A. Shrink
– B. Lyse/Burst
– C. Remain the same
Answer the following:
• Most reproduce by
budding (forming
blastoconidia); few by
binary fission
Budding
Yeast
• Most reproduce by
budding (forming
blastoconidia); few by
binary fission
• Hyphae have no
constrictions
• Pseudohhyphae is
demonstrated in yeast
form
Septum not constrictions
Yeast
• Consist of branching
cylindrical tubules with
diameter from 2–10 micra,
called hyphae
Molds
• Hyphae grow to form a filamentous mass
of intertwining strands called a
mycelium
Hyphae: 2 portions
• Reproductive or
aerial portion,
– project above the
surface of the agar
medium and contains
the reproductive
structures such as
spores
Hyphae: 2 portions
• Vegetative portion
or thallus
– grows in or on a
substrate and absorbs
water and nutrients
Hyphae
• Septate if with cross-
walls which divide the
hyphae into uninucleate
cell-like units
Hyphae
• Nonseptate or
coenocytic if cross-walls
are absent and appear as
long continuous cells with
many nuclei
– Zygomycetes: Mucor,
Rhizopus, Absidia
Zygomycetes (Coenocytic hyphae)
Sporangium Sporangiospores
Sporangiophore
Sporangium
Sporangiospores
Sporangiophore
Nonseptated hyphae
Rhizoids
Hyphae
• Hyaline if
fungal structures
are colorless
• Highly refractile
Hyphae
• Dematiaceous if fungi
produce melanin-like
pigments are dark-colored
– Brown CAPE
• Sexual
• Asexual
– Molds reproduce asexually by
• (1)fragmentation of hyphae,
• (2) Producing spores
– Spore - a reproductive particle, usually a single cell,
released by a fungus, alga, or plant that may germinate into
another fungi
FUNGAL SPORES
10/23/2020 144
Asexual Reproduction
Types of Spores
• Conidia
– Chlamydospore
– Blastospore/Blastoconidia
• YEAST = small buds
– Arthrospores
– Macro- and microconidia
– Phialides
– Sporangiospore
Asexual Spores: Conidia
• Chlamydospore
– Thick-walled, resistant,
resting spores
– Produced by rounding up
and enlargement of hyphal
segments
– Candida albicans MOLDS
Candida yeast = blastospores and
pseudohyphae
Asexual Spores: Conidia
• Blastoconidia
– Develop as daughter cell buds off from
parent cell and is pinched off
– Candida
• Pseudohyphae
– Candida
Asexual Spores: Conidia
• Arthroconidia
– Formed by
fragmentation of the
septate hyphae into
single rectangular or
barrel-shaped thick-
walled spores
– Coccidioides immitis
Asexual Spores:
Macroconidia and Microconidia
• Macroconidia
– Large, multiseptate, club,
oval, spindle-shaped
– Cell wall is smooth or
echinulate
• Microcnidia
– Small, unicellular
– Round, elliptical. pyriform,
tear-shaped
Asexual Spores:
Macroconidia and Microconidia
• Macroconidia
– Large, multiseptate, club,
oval, spindle-shaped
– Cell wall is smooth or
echinulate
• Microconidia
– Small, unicellular
– Round, elliptical. pyriform,
tear-shaped
Macroconidia and Microconidia
Dermatophytes
• Microsporum
• Trichophyton
• Epidermophyton
– Do not
fluoresce on
Wood’s lamp
• Epidermophyton
– Club-shaped
Macroconidia only;
microconidia not
produced
Primary Isolation Media
• Dermatophyte test medium
– Recovery of dermatophytes from hair, skin
and nails
– Useful as a screening medium
– Dermatophytes produce alkaline metabolites
which raise the pH and change the color of
medium into RED
Asexual Reproduction
Types of Spores
• Conidia
– Chlamydospore
– Blastospore
– Arthrospores
– Macro- and microconidia
– Phialides
– Sporangiospore
Asexual Spores:
Phialides (Secondary Branches)
• Aspergillus
• Penicillium
• Phialophora
• Exophiala (Annelids)
• Branching
septate hyphae
which bears
terminal
conidiophore
*
*
Aspergillus
• Conidiophore
expands to large
inverted flask
shaped vesicle
*
Aspergillus
• Vesicle is covered
with phialides on
upper half of the
vesicle
*
Aspergillus
• Phialides contain
rough walled
conidia/
conidiospores
*
*
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*
Penicillium
• Septated Hyphae with
conidiophore that exhibit
branching to form metulae
• Brush-like conidiophore
(metulae) give rise to
phialides with conidiospores
*
Penicillium
• Brush-like
conidiophores
that give rise to
phialides from
which chain of
conidia arise
*
*
*
Phialophora
• Flask-shaped
phialides with cup-
shaped collarettes
and clusters of
conidia at the end
Exophiala
• Conidiophores are
long and cylindrical
with tapered tip and
ringed by clusters of
conidia
Asexual Reproduction
Types of Spores
• Conidia
– Chlamydospore
– Blastospore
– Arthrospores
– Macro- and microconidia
– Phialides
– Sporangiospore
Asexual Spores:
Sporangiospores
• Asexual spores
contained in a sac-like
or sporangium
• Unique among fungi
with Nonseptated or
coenocytic hyphae
– Zygomycetes
– Rhizopus, Mucor
Absidia
Mucor
• Nonseptated
hyphae with no
rhizoids
• The
sporangiophores
arise singly with
sac called
sporangium
*
*
Mucor
• Sporangium
contains
sporangiospores
*
*
Rhizopus
• Nonseptated hyphae
• With Rhizoids
• Sporangiophores
• Sporangium
*
*
Asexual Reproduction
Types of Spores
• Conidia
– Chlamydospore
– Blastospore
– Arthrospores
– Macro- and microconidia
– Phialides
– Sporangiospore
Sexual Reproduction
• Teleomorphs
– The sexual stage of a fungus
• Anamorphs
– The asexual stage of a fungus
Sexual Reproduction
• Requires formation of specialized
structures so that fertilization or nuclear
fusion can occur
• Karyogamy
– The (+) and (-) nuclei fuse to form a diploid
zygote nucleus
• Meiosis
– The diploid nucleus gives rise to haploid nuclei
(sexual spores)
Types of Sexual Spores
• Ascospores
– Contained in a sac-like ascus
Note
Analyze this
Therefore
• Ascomycetes
• Basidiospores
– Contained in a club-
shaped basidium
– MUSHROOMS
Therefore
• Basidiomycetes