MACHINE TOOLS

Dept. of Mech & Mfg. Engg. 1

Dept. of Mech & Mfg. Engg. 2
Bed:
• Foundation part of a

lathe

• Supports all its other

parts.

• Two guide ways on top

of the bed

– outer guide ways

– inner guide ways.

Dept. of Mech & Mfg. Engg. 3

Working principle of lathe

Chuck
Direction of rotation
of work piece

Work piece

Cutting tool
Direction of cutting tool

Dept. of Mech & Mfg. Engg. 4

 Working principle of a lathe

• Cutting tool can remove material Chuck

Direction of
in the form of chips from rotating rotation of
work pieces to produce circular work piece

objects

• Work piece held rigidly by one of

Cutting
the work holding devices known Direction of tool
cutting tool
as chuck
• Uses V – shaped cutting tool

Dept. of Mech & Mfg. Engg. 5

Principle of cutting operation

Dept. of Mech & Mfg. Engg. 6

Explain with neat diagram the principal parts of
an engine lathe.

Dept. of Mech & Mfg. Engg. 7

 LATHE

Live center

Dept. of Mech & Mfg. Engg. 8

Headstock:
• Housing comprising of
– feed gear box
– stepped cone pulley

• Rigidly mounted on the

inner guide ways of
lathe bed at its left end.

Dept. of Mech & Mfg. Engg. 9

Tailstock:
• Movable part of the
lathe that carries the
dead centre in it.
• Used to clamp tools
like: Twist drills
Reamers
For making holes.
• Mounted loosely on
the inner guide ways
of a lathe bed
• Moved and locked in
any position.

Dept. of Mech & Mfg. Engg. 10

Carriage assembly:
• To support the tool
• Moves over the outer
guide ways longitudinally
between headstock
and tailstock.
It is composed of 5 main parts:
1. Saddle
2. Cross slide
3. Compound Rest
4. Apron
5. Tool post
Dept. of Mech & Mfg. Engg. 11
Saddle
• H shaped casting that
slides over set of guide
ways
• Serves as the base for the
cross slide.

Cross slide
• Mounted on the saddle
• Enables the movement
of the cutting tool laterally
across the lathe bed by
means of cross feed hand
wheel.
Dept. of Mech & Mfg. Engg. 12
Compound Rest
•Mounted on the top of the
cross slide
•Supports the tool post.
•Swiveled to any angle in
the horizontal plane
•To facilitate following
operations:
•Taper turning
•Threading operations
•Moved manually by the
compound rest feed
handle independent of the
lathe cross feed.
Dept. of Mech & Mfg. Engg. 13
Apron
•Mounted on the front of the saddle
• Consists of,
- Carriage
- Cross slide mechanisms
•Apron hand wheel moves the carriage manually by
means of the rack and pinion gears.
Dept. of Mech & Mfg. Engg. 14
Tool post
•Mounted on the T – slot of the compound rest.

•Clamps the tool holder in the proper position for

machining operations.
Dept. of Mech & Mfg. Engg. 15
Lead Screw:
• A screw rod which runs longitudinally in front of the
lathe bed.
• Rotation of the lead screw moves the carriage to and
fro longitudinally during thread cutting operation.
Dept. of Mech & Mfg. Engg. 16
Feed rod:
• A stationary rod mounted in front of the lathe
bed
• Facilitates longitudinal movement of carriage
during turning and facing operations.

Dept. of Mech & Mfg. Engg. 17

Cone pulley and back gear:
• Cone pulley which drives the main spindle is
driven by the motor.
• Various spindle speeds can be obtained by shifting the
belt on different steps of the cone pulley.
• Spindle speeds can be further varied using a back gear
arrangement.
Dept. of Mech & Mfg. Engg. 18