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This document outlines the six key elements of a computer system: people, procedures, data and information, hardware, software, and communication. It describes each element in 1-3 sentences. People include both computer professionals and end-users. Procedures are steps for accomplishing tasks. Data is raw facts that are processed into information. Hardware includes processing/memory devices and peripheral devices. Software includes application and system software like operating systems. Communication transfers data electronically.
This document outlines the six key elements of a computer system: people, procedures, data and information, hardware, software, and communication. It describes each element in 1-3 sentences. People include both computer professionals and end-users. Procedures are steps for accomplishing tasks. Data is raw facts that are processed into information. Hardware includes processing/memory devices and peripheral devices. Software includes application and system software like operating systems. Communication transfers data electronically.
This document outlines the six key elements of a computer system: people, procedures, data and information, hardware, software, and communication. It describes each element in 1-3 sentences. People include both computer professionals and end-users. Procedures are steps for accomplishing tasks. Data is raw facts that are processed into information. Hardware includes processing/memory devices and peripheral devices. Software includes application and system software like operating systems. Communication transfers data electronically.
• A group of related components and operations that interact to perform a task. • System is similar to a school. • Principal, teachers, guidance councilor, doctor, nurse and others must help each other to serve the students and the community. System • A system can be many things. • It can be an enrollment day in your school. • The admission of new students • Selection of honor students. • Here we are concerned with a technological kind of system. Two Types of People • Professionals
- Computer Professionals • End-users
People -is a person probably like yourself.
• Simply a user is someone without much technological knowledge about information technology who uses computer for entertainment, education or work-related tasks. • The end-user is not a technology expert but one who knows enough about it. • Are descriptions on how things are done or are steps for accomplishing a result. • Sometimes, procedures are unstated. • Procedures are laid out in great details in manuals. • For example, the procedure for making a Procedures withdrawal or a deposit in an ATM terminal are given in an on-screen messages. •In other computer system, procedures are spelled-out in manuals, which are also called documentations contain instructions, rules or guidelines to follow when using a hardware or software. • Data consist of raw facts and figures that are processed into information. • It can be considered as raw materials whether in paper or other from that is processed by the computer. • Such materials can be letters, numbers or facts (such as grades, names of the student, age, section and year level). •Information is an organized, meaningful and useful data. •It is a summarized data or otherwise manipulated Data&Informatio data that is useful for decision-making. •In school, for instance, an instructor can enter various n student grades (data) which can be processed to produce final grades and perhaps a class average (information) • Computers basically know only two things: on and off. The two-state on/off system is called as binary system.
Student Name First Grading Second Grading Average
AESAAC JAMES 85 95 90 ALISSA JOANNA 80 95 87.5 ARIANNE JOY 85 9 87.5 • The computer can construct sophisticated ways of representing data “on” and “off” which are also known as high-voltage and low-voltage, and are represented in the hardware in terms of 0’s and 1’s. • Each 0 and 1 in the binary system is called a bit for Data & binary digit. • It is the basic unit for storing data in the Information computer memory. • Bits are combined in groups of eight called bytes to hold the equivalent of a character. A character is a single letter, number or special symbols such as punctuation mark or a dollar sign. • Kilobyte – (K or KB) is equivalent to approximately 1002 bytes but the figure is commonly rounded-off. Kilobytes are common unit of measure for data holding (memory) capacity of personal computers. Memory • Megabyte - (M or MB) is about 1 million bytes. capacity • Gigabytes - )G or GB) is about 1 billion bytes. This unit of measure is used not only with “big iron” computers (main frames and supercomputers) but also with newer personal computers. • Terabyte – (T or TB) is about 1 trillion bytes. Four Main Aspects of Data handling
1. Input Operation – the means of capturing
data (the raw, unsorted facts) is input device or hardware. 2. Process Operation – Data is manipulated to Hardware process or transform it into information (such as summaries or total). 3. Output Operation – information which has been processed from the data. 4. Storage Operation – data, information and programs are stored in a computer- processable form. Hard disk, USB flash drive. Input Hardware Keyboard Mouse Scanner Microphone Peripheral Web Cam Device Output Hardware Screen/Monitor Printer Speaker Headset • The brains of the computer are the processing and main memory devices which is housed in the computer’s system unit. • Central Processing Unit (CPU) – heart and Processing brain of the computer system. It controls and manipulates data to produce information. and Memory • Memory – it is the computer’s work space where data and programs for immediate Hardware processing are held. • Random Access Memory (RAM). Temporary Storage • Read-Only Memory (ROM) Permanent Storage • Program consists of step-by-step instructions that tell the computer how to perform a task.
Two major types of Software:
1. Application Software – easy to use programs Software 2. designed to perform specific goal or task. System Software – programs that support the execution and development of other programs. Operating System - act as the master control program that runs the computer and it provides environment in which the user can execute programs. MS-DOS, Windows 10, MacOS • It is the electronic transfer of data from one place to another.
• It also refers to the electromagnetic devices
Communicatio and systems for communication. • Voice n • • Sound Text • Graphics • Video • Multimedia