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 KIN SH IP
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Is a social institution that
refers to relations formed
between members of society.

Sociologists define kinship as the forms

of socially accepted relations among
people developed through blood or
consanguineal relationships, marriage
or affinal relationships, adoption, and
other culturally accepted rituals.
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Types of Kinship
KINSHIP
 Types of Kinship

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KINSHIP
It can be based on birth or blood relations, marriage, or
through the acceptance of rituals.

Kinship by Blood
Consanguineal kinship or kinship based on blood
 Most basic and general form of relations.
 Relationship achieved by birth or blood affinity.
 Study of….

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DESCE
NT
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Lineage – refers to the line where one’s descent is traced.

Principles of Descent
Kinship…. Anthropologist develop diagrams….

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 Symbols Used by Anthropologist to Study

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Female

Male
Marriage bond
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Codescent bond Children
Descent bond
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Unilineal Descent Priciple
Traced by a single line of ancestors from either the male
and female line.

Two basic forms of Unilineal Descent

1. Patrilineal
2. Matrilineal
 Two basic forms of Unilineal Descent…

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Patrilineal

Only the
males pass
on to their
children
their
family
identity
 Two basic forms of Unilineal Descent…

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Matrilineal

Matrilineal Only the

daughters
can pass
on the
family to
their
offspring.
 Bilateral Descent

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o Called as the nonunilineal

or cognatic descent
principle.
o Trace through the study of
both parents’ ancestors. Legend:
o Most common form of Ego refers to a person to whom kinship
relationships are referred to and that has
nonununilineal descent no specific gender.
principles.
 WHAT IS KINSHIP?
• The bond of the blood or marriage which binds
people together in group.

• According to the dictionary of anthropology, kinship

system includes socially recognized relationship based
on the supposed as well as actual genealogical ties .
These relationship are the result of social interaction
and recognized by society.
 TYPES OF KINSHIP

• Affinal kinship or kinship based on marriage refers to

the type of relations developed when marriage
occurs.

• Consanguineous kinship connections between people

that are traced by blood.
 Kinship by Marriage

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. . o Affinal kinship or kinship based on marriage.
o Relations developed when marriage occurs.
 KINSHIP BY MARRIAGE
• Marriage is an institution that admits men and
women to family life.

• According to Edward Westermarck defined marriage

as the more less durable connection between male
and female lasting beyond the mere act of
propagation till after the birth of offspring.
• It is a special contract of permanent union between a
man and a women entered into in accordance with
law for the establishment of conjugal and family life.
 MARRIAGE ACROSS CULTURES

• Different societies have different sets of cultural

practices, norms, and rules pertaning to marriage.
Cultures across societies have developed traditions,
customs, rules, and norms that determine how
marriage will be done.
 ENDOGAMY AND EXOGAMY
• Some societies practice endogamy, or compulsory marriage
in their own village, community, ethnic, social, or religious
group. This for of marriage is practiced by a number of ethnic
groups, religious group, and the aristocratic classes.

• Exogamy or out-marriage, on the other hand refers to a

marriage to custom where an individual is required by
society’s norms and rules to many outside of their own group,
community, or social classes. Exogamous marriage prevents
incest or marriage within one’s own family and clan.
 MONOGAMY AND POLYGAMY
• Monogamy come from the greek words “monos” and
“gamos “ which literally mean ”one union”. It refers to the
marriage of sexual partnering custom or practice where an
individual has only one male or female partner or mate.

• Polygamy it refers to the practice of having more than one

partner or sexual mate. It can be polygmy(a man has
multiple female partner or mates), or polyandry (a woman
has multiple male partners and mates)
 KINSHIP BY RITUALS

• Compadrazgo is a literaly translated as “goodparenthood”

is a ritualized form of forging co-parenthood or family.

• Parents selected godparents for a child at his or her

baptism, confirmation, and marrieage. The godparents
were then tiresd to the parents as coparents.
Kinship by Rituals
• Compadrazgo or Goodparenthood is a ritualized form
of forgoing co-parenthood or family
• Originating in the medieval catholic church in Europe,
this can be done through the performance of catholic
rituals like baptism, conformation and marriage.
• Through the compadrazgo set-up, a relationship
between the child’s biological parent’s, their children,
and persons
 NUCLEAR FAMILY

• Type of Family made up of a group of people who are

united by social ties.
• Usually made up of two adults and their socially recognized
children
• Consisting of two parents and children.
• Made up of married couple and their biological or adopted
child.
 EXTENDED FAMILY
• Family beyond nuclear family

• Includes grand parents, auntie, uncle and other

relatives.
 EXTENDED FAMILY IN FF FORMS:

1. A single nuclear family and other person related to

the nucleus
2. Two or more nuclear families related to each other
without any other person
3.Two or more nuclear families related to each other
plus other person related to at least one of the
nuclear families
 BLENDED FAMILY

• Type of family where the parents have a child on their

previous relationship.
• Step family, reconstituted, or complex family.
• Parents may or may not have children with each
other.
• Happens when a parent of a blended family remarry
after experiencing a painful divorce or demise of a
spouse.
 KINSHIP OF POLITICS
Politics composed of two or more individuals
who are related within the second degree of
consanguinity.