KINSHIP

Kinship.
Is a social institution that refers to
relations between members of society. It
explains the nature and reason for the
formation of the different types of bonds
that exist within the society.
Sociologists explained that the socially
accepted relations among people developed
through blood or consanguineal relationships,
marriage of affinal relationships, adoption
and other culturally accepted rituals.
Types of Kinship:
1. Kinship by blood
(Consanguineal)
2. Kinship by marriage
(Affinal)
3. Kinship by rituals
1. Kinship by Blood
(consanguineal)
- Most basic and general form
of relations.
- The relationship is achieved
by birth or blood affinity (e.g.
Exist between parents and
their children, etc.)
- Descent is an important
key concept, wherein
lineage refers to the line
where one’s descent is
traced.
- Also known as the primary
kinship
Principles of Descent
Kinship can be studied by
analyzing the relationships that
exists between persons.
•Unilineal Descent. Descents are
being traced through either
maternal or paternal forms only

•Patrilineal form – In this form of

descent, only the male pass on to
their children their family
identity.

•Matrilineal form – Kinship is

traced through the female line.
2. Kinship by Marriage
- The type of relations
developed when a marriage
occurs.
- Marriage is an important
social institution wherein two
persons, a man and a woman
enter into family ties.
Marriage across cultures:
Endogamy and Exogamy -Endogamy,
compulsory marriage, in their own village,
community, ethnic, social, or religions group.
Disobedient of the rules lead to sometime to
mild penalty, while others received severe
sometimes. Exogamy, a marriage custom
wherein an individual is required by society’s
norms and rules to many outside of their
own group, community, and social classes.
Monogamy and Polygamy –
Monogamy, Greek words “mono”
and “gamos” which literally means
“one union”, it means an individual
has only one partner or mate.
Polygamy, having more than one
partner or mates (polygyny- a man
has multiple female partners;
while polyandry- a females has
multiple man partners)
Post Marital Residency Rules:
Rules of residence or the
location of the couples permanent
after marriage.
Social scientist analyzed the
intersection of both the
consanguineal and affinal kinship
relations.
Neolocal rules of residence:

•Patrilocal
•Matrilocal; and
•Biolocal
Referred and Arranged Marriage:

Some people find their partners

through other people like friends
and relatives who act as
matchmakers. These help them to
find their possible husband or
wife. This is called referred
marriage.
 In arranged marriage or fixed
marriage, the marriage is arranged
by the parents of groom and
bride. There are types of
arranged marriage: child marriage,
exchange marriage, diplomatic
marriage, and modern arranged
marriage.
3. Kinship by Rituals
- compadrazgo – “god parenthood”,
through this a relationship
between the child’s biological
parents, their children , and
persons close to the parents but
no related by blood become a
family
FAMILY AND HOUSEHOLD –
refers to a group of people living
together and functioning as a
single household, usually consisting
of parents and their children.
TYPES OF FAMILY

Nuclear family – or Elementary family

it is a family group consisting pair of
adults, and their offspring, regardless
of the number, as nuclear family may
have any number of children. Also
called as conjugal family.
Extended family – is that which
extends beyond the immediate family,
the basic example of which is married
couple and their children that live with
either the husband or the wife’s
parents.
Reconstituted family – is that which
is formed by the joining of two adults
through marriage, cohabitation, or civil
partnership, in which either one or
both of the adults have child or
children from a previous relationship
living in their home
Transnational family – are those
family which adopt separate living
arrangement in two or more
countries but retain close links
with their homeland. And also
called separated families.
Political dynasty – refer to
the system of succession of
political leaders from the same
family or clan that maintains
power for many generations.
Political alliance – joining of
forces of political families,
political alliance may be
created by the collaboration
among some political parties.
Political kinship – kinship
relations may extend to people
an individual or a family has
political affiliation.