CHAPTER 2.

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THE STRUCTURE OF ATOM

THE KINETIC THEORY OF MATTER

Quick review...
• Matter is anything that occupies a space
• Matter is made up of tiny and discrete particles.
• There are spaces between particles
• These particles may be atoms, molecules or ions.
• An atom is the smallest particle of an element that
can participate in a chemical reaction.
• A molecule is a group of two or more atoms which are
chemically bonded together
• An ion is a positively charged or negatively charged
• Diffusion occurs when particles of a substance move
in between the particles of another substance.
 SOLID

1) Particles closely
packed

2) Forces of attraction
very strong

3) The movements are vibration

and rotation
5 ) Very difficult to
compressed
4) Kinetic energy are
low
6) Rate of diffusion
very low
Diffusion occurs when particles of a substance move in between the
particles of another substance
 LIQUID

1) Particles are still closely

packed but there more
empty spaces between them

2) Forces of attraction are weaker than

solid state and no longer in the fixed
positions

5) Not easily
3) Movements are vibration, rotation and compressed
translation because particles
quite closely

4) Kinetics energy are high on average 6) Rate of diffusion

very high
 GASES

1) Particles are very

far apart

2) Forces of attraction are very weak, move

randomly in directions at great speed

3) Movements are vibration, rotation and 5) Easily compressed

translation because particles are
very far apart

4) Kinetic energy of particles are very high and

move at high speed
6) Rate of diffusion is
very high
 Group activity
By referring to the text book, please describe
SOLID, LIQUID and GAS in

1. Arrangement
2. Forces of attraction between particles
3. Types of movement
4. Kinetic energy between particles
5. Compressibility
6. Rate of diffusion
 COMPARISON OF THE THREE STATES OF MATTER
STATES OF MATTER

SOLID LIQUID GAS

ARRANGEMENT IN VERY CLOSELY STILL CLOSELY VERY FAR APART
PARTICLES PACKED PACKED BUT THERE
ARE MORE EMPTY
SPACES
FORCES OF VERY STRONG IN WEAKER AND NO VERY WEAK, MOVE
ATTRACTION THE FIXED POSITION LONGER HELD IN RANDOMLY IN ALL
BETWEEN FIXED POSITIONS DIRECTIONS AT
PARTICLES GREAT SPEED
TYPES OF VIBRATION AND VIBRATION, VIBRATION,
MOVEMENT ROTATION ROTATION AND ROTATION AND
TRANSLATION TRANSLATION
KINETIC ENERGY OF LOW HIGH ON EVERAGE VERY HIGH AND
PARTICLES MOVE AT HIGH
SPEED
COMPRESSIBILITY VERY DIFFICULT TO NOT EASILY EASILY
COMPRESSED

RATE OF DIFFUSION VERY LOW AVERAGE VERY HIGH

CLOSURE...
1) Arrangements and kinetic theory of:-

SOLID LIQUID GAS

2) Comparison of three states of matter

HOMEWORK

TEXTBOOK page 34
QUESTION NO:
2.3 (b)
2.4 (essay)