FIRE HAZARDS

ME-410 INDUSTRIAL HEALTH AND SAFETY

M.Arif khan
16pwmec4207
Presented to :Engr.Kaleem ullah khan khalil sir
 OBJECTIVES

 What is Fire Hazards.

 sources of Fire Hazards.
 fire dangers encountered by Humans.
 equipment used for detection of fire hazards.
 To know about the emergency response protocol and safety precaution
 FIRE HAZARDS DEFINED

are conditions that favour fire development or growth.

 Fire is cemical reaction between oxygen and fuel with the liberation of
energy as a result

The Fire Triangle

 COMBUSTION

 Combustion, reaction oxygen and fuel.

 Combustion leads to the conversion of fuel and oxygen into heat

 The following elements are essential:

1. Oxygen
2. Heat
3. Fuel
 COMBUSTION

 Fire is a visual appearance of that combustion process.

 The absence of any element of the ‘Fire Triangle’ will extinguish the fire.
 IGNITION

 Ignition is the process of initiating self sustained combustion.

 Ignite means to catch or cause to catch fire.

 SOURCES OF IGNITION

Ignition can occur by

 Electrically powered equipment- Arcing, damaged wiring, over heating
of cables due to excess loads, loose electrical connections, heat from
electric bulbs etc.
 Open flame.
 Hot surfaces.
 Sparks from welding operations.
 Chemical reaction between incompatible chemicals.
 Smoking.
 Batteries.
 •
•FIRE HAZARDS
ME-410 INDUSTRIAL HEALTH AND SAFETY

NUMAN KHALIL
•16PWMEC
 FLASH POINT

IN A FLAMMABLE LIQUID FIRE, IT IS THE VAPOURS RELEASED FROM

SURFACE OF THE LIQUID THAT BURNS.

For Example., Diethyl ether (-45 )

Methyl alcohol (11.1 ℃)
FLASH POINT IS THE LOWEST TEMPERATURE AT WHICH A LIQUID P
 Lower the flash point of a flammable liquid, greater the
ENOUGH
hazard.

• VAPOR TO FORM AN IGNITABLE MIXTURE.

 EXTINGUISHING FIRE (I)

 Fire can be extinguished by

1. Cooling the fuel by removing heat (e.g., by applying water).

2. Smothering by cutting of oxygen supply (e.g., by applying foam, carbon

dioxide).
 EXTINGUISHING FIRE (II)

3.Starving the fire by removing the fuel. (e.g., stopping gas flow during a
pipeline fire).

4. Inhibition by stopping the chain reaction. (e.g., by applying dry

chemical
powder).
EXTINGUISHIN
G FIRE (III)
 FIRE DANGERS TO HUMANS (I)

 Direct contact with flame is obviously dangerous. (Flesh burns, as

do muscles and internal organs).
 FIRE DANGERS TO HUMANS (II)

 The table below shows some major products of combustion and

their effects on human pathology:
Product Fuels Pathology

Acrolein Cellulose, fatty substances, woods and Highly toxic irritant to eyes and
paints respiratory system.
Ammonia (NH3) Wool, silk, nylon, melamine, refrigerants, Somewhat toxic irritant to eyes and
hydrogen-nitrogen compounds respiratory system.
Carbon dioxide (CO2) All carbon and organic compounds Not toxic, but depletes available oxygen.

Carbon monoxide (CO) All carbon and organic compounds Can be deadly.

Hydrogen chloride (HCN) Wool, silk, nylon, paper, polyurethane, Quickly lethal asphyxiate.
rubber, leather, plastic, wood
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) Sulfur-containing compounds, rubber, crude Highly toxic gas. Strong odor of rotten
oil eggs, but quickly destroys sense of
smell.
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) Cellulose nitrate, celluloid, textiles, other Lung irritant, causing death or damage.
nitrogen oxides
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) Sulfur and sulfur-containing compounds Toxic irritant
• MUNEEB KHAN
• 16PWMEC420
DETECTION OF FIRE
HAZARDS
DETECTION OF FIRE
HAZARDS
 FIRE SAFETY MYTHS

 Common myths:
1. Fire will light the exit route.
2. There is time to escape.
3. It’s the flames that kill.
4. Wait inside for rescue.
5. You cannot prepare for a fire.*
• HARIS SHAHID
• 16PWMEC4208
 OSHA SOPS

 In case of a fire
– Actuate the manual fire alarm call
point.

– Alert personnel nearby so that they can come to your help/inform security
section.
– Determine what is burning.
 OSHA SOPS

– Use the right top of extinguisher and use only when you have attend the
training classes

– Always position yourself with an exit or means of escape behind you before
you
attempt to use an extinguisher to put out a fire.
– If the person notices fire feels that it cannot be tackled by
who the
extinguishers, he can directly inform the fire station without delay.
– On hearing the alarm evacuate the building and assemble at the designated
assembly point.
– As you evacuate close the doors of the rooms (do not lock) as this will slow
down the spread of smoke and fire.
 EMERGENCY RESPONSE, OSHA SOPS
(III)

– While moving out of the building always use stairways.

– Do not use lifts, they may fail mid way trapping people inside.
 SAFETY
MEASURES

 Keep fire doors of the staircase closed. If kept open, heat and smoke
will enter the staircase during fire and prevent escape of occupants.
 SAFETY
MEASURES

 Do not obstruct emergency equipment. Fire extinguishers must be

easily accessible.
 Materials must not be stored in front of exits or along stairways blocking
them.
 Know the exits in the laboratory and in the building.

 Display emergency contact numbers near the

telephone.
THANKYOU !