CH 12

Figure 12-1 (p.
578)
Block diagram of a sinusoidal oscillator using an amplifier with a frequency-
dependent feedback path.
Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar
Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons
Figure 12-2 (p. 579)
General circuit for a transistor oscillator. The transistor may be either a bipolar
junction transistor or a field effect transistor. This circuit can be used for common
emitter/source, base/gate, or collector/drain configurations by grounding either V2,
V1, or V4, respectively. Feedback is provided by connecting node V3 to V4.

Figure 12-3 (p. 581)
Transistor oscillator circuits using a common-emitter BJT. (a) Colpitts oscillator.
(b) Hartley oscillator.
Figure 12-4 (p. 584)
(a) Equivalent circuit of a crystal. (b) Input reactance of a crystal resonator.

Figure 12-5 (p. 585)
Pierce crystal oscillator circuit.

Figure 12-6 (p. 585)
Circuit for a one-port negative-resistance oscillator.

Figure 12-7 (p. 587)
Load matching circuit for the one-port oscillator of Example 12.2.

Figure 12-8 (p. 587)
Circuit for a two-port transistor oscillator.

Figure 12-9a (p. 589)
Circuit design for the transistor oscillator of Example 12.3. (a) Oscillator circuit.

Figure 12-9b (p. 589)
(b) Smith chart for determining
T.

Figure 12-10 (p. 590)
(a) Geometry of a dielectric resonator coupled to a microstripline; (b) equivalent
circuit.
Figure 12-11 (p. 591)
(a) Dielectric resonator oscillator using parallel feedback; (b) dielectric resonator
oscillator using series feedback.
Figure 12-12a (p. 593)
(a) Circuit for the dielectric resonator of Example 12.4.

Figure 12-12b (p. 593)
(b) |out| vs. frequency in Example 12.4.

Figure 12-13 (p. 594)
Output spectrum of a typical RF oscillator.

Figure 12-14 (p. 596)
Feedback amplifier model for characterizing oscillator phase noise.

Figure 12-15 (p. 596)
Noise power versus frequency for an amplifier with an applied input signal.

Figure 12-16 (p. 597)
Idealized power spectral density of amplifier noise, including 1/f and thermal
components.
Figure 12-17 (p. 597)
Power spectral density of phase noise at the output of an oscillator. (a) Response
for fh > f (low Q). (b) Response for fh > f (high Q).
Figure 12-18 (p. 598)
Illustrating how local oscillator phase noise can lead to the reception of undesired
signals adjacent to the desired signal.
Figure 12-19 (p. 600)
Conceptual circuit for the derivation of the Manley-Row relations.

Figure 12-20 (p. 602)
Block diagram of a diode frequency multiplier.

Figure 12-21 (p. 603)
Conceptual circuit for the derivation of power relations in a resistive frequency
multiplier.
Figure 12-22 (p. 605)
Circuit diagram of an FET frequency multiplier. The transistor is modeled using a
unilateral equivalent circuit.
Figure 12-23 (p. 606)
Voltage and currents in the
FET multiplier (doubler) circuit
of Figure 12.22. (a) Gate
voltage when the transistor is
biased just below pinch-off. (b)
Drain current, which conducts
when the gate voltage is
above the threshold voltage.
(c) Drain voltage when the
load resonator is tuned to the
second harmonic.

Figure 12-24 (p. 609)
Power versus frequency performance of solid-state sources and microwave tubes.

Figure 12-25 (p. 610)
Power versus frequency
performance of Gunn diodes.
• pulsed; ° continuous.

Figure 12-26 (p. 611)
Two Gunn diode sources. The unit on the left is a mechanically tunable E-band
source, while the unit on the right is a varactor-tuned V-band source.
Photograph courtesy of Millitech Corp., Northampton, MA.

Figure 12-27 (p. 611)
Power versus frequency performance of IMPATT diodes.

Figure 12-28 (p. 614)
performance of microwave
oscillator tubes.

Figure 12-29 (p. 615)
performance of microwave
amplifier tubes.

Figure 12-30 (p. 617)
Frequency conversion using a mixer. (a) Up-conversion. (b) Down-conversion.

Figure 12-31 (p. 621)
(a) Circuit for a single-ended diode mixer. (b) Idealized equivalent circuit.

Figure 12-32 (p. 622)
Variation of FET transconductance versus gate-to-source voltage.

Figure 12-33 (p. 623)
Circuit for a single-ended FET mixer.

Figure 12-34 (p. 623)
Equivalent circuit for the FET mixer of Figure 12.33.

Figure 12-35 (p. 625)
Balanced mixer circuits. (a) Using a 90° hybrid. (b) Using a 180° hybrid.

Figure 12-36 (p. 626)
Photograph of a 35 GHz microstrip monopulse radar receiver circuit. Three
balanced mixers using ring hybrids are shown, along with three stepped-impedance
low-pass filters, and six quadrature hybrids. Eight feedlines are aperture coupled to
microstrip antennas on the reverse side. The circuit also contains a Gunn diode
source for the local oscillator. Courtesy of Millitech Corporation.
Figure 12-37 (p. 628)
Circuit for an image reject mixer.

Figure 12-38 (p. 629)
Double balanced mixer circuit.

Figure 12-39 (p. 630)
A differential FET mixer.

Figure 12-40 (p. 630)
Subharmonically pumped mixer using an antiparallel diode pair.


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Figure 12-1 (p.

Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar

Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar

Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar

Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar

Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar

Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar

Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar

Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar

Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar

Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar

Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar

Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar

Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar

Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar

Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar

Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar

Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar

Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar

Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar

Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar

Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar

Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar

Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar

Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar

Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar

Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar

Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar

Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar

Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar

Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar

Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar

Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar

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