Linear Circuit Analysis

Instructor: Dr. Ayesha Habib

Department of Electrical Engineering, Military College of Signals

National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST)
 Linear Cct Analysis --Fall 2018
Department of Electrical Engineering, MCS, Nust

OBJECTIVE: Electricity is fascinating. We use it virtually at all times in our daily activities,
ranging from checking the time in our digital watch to selling stock from home
using the Internet. This course is intended to provide you with a
understanding of Basic Engineering Circuit analysis
INSTRUCTOR: Dr. Ayesha Habib
E-mail: ayesha.habib@mcs.edu.pk
Office: EE Department
OFFICE HOURS: Wednesday– Friday: 10:00 AM – 11:30 AM
I encourage you to make appointments if these times conflict with your schedule.
REFERENCE TEXT: As indicated in the slides

LECTURES: Monday & Wednesday

LABS: Prog will be given by concerned Instr (Lab Engr Amir Ali)
WEB Local Server
Please check it periodically, as all the assigned homework, together with the
homework solutions, handouts, etc will be posted there.

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GRADING: Assignments : 10% Due at the beginning of class on due date.
Quizzes : 10% Quizzes will be given at random dates.
1 hourly Tests : 15% No make up tests.
2 hourly Tests : 15% No make up tests.
Final Exam : 50% Comprehensive.

QUIZZES: Quizzes will be given at random dates throughout the semester. Some of them (most of them)
will be pop quizzes.
HOMEWORK: Working in groups is encouraged. Groups up to 2-4 people may turn in ONE (1) homework with
the names of all group members. Homework will be due one week after the assigned date.
Assignments are to be done neatly , with all pages stapled together.. Late homework will be
penalized with 20% of the grade for each day it is late. Homework will NOT be collected after
solutions have been made available.
TESTS: There will be one midterm examinations. There will be no make-up tests.

FINAL EXAM: Final examination will be held for 2 hrs. It will be a comprehensive exam, covering entire course.
No make up on ANY circumstance.

ACADEMIC DISHONESTY:Violations of academic dishonesty will be sanctioned. Violations of academic integrity involve
the use of any method or technique enabling a student to misrepresent the quality and integrity of
his or her own academic work or the work of a fellow student. Students committing academic
dishonesty will be reported to the appropriate college official and an F grade for this course will
be recorded on the student’s transcript. In cases where a student has an existing record of
academic dishonesty, a more severe penalty, e.g. involving suspension or dismissal from the
college, may be sought.
TENTATIVE OUTLINE: Time as per assimilation of students will be given for each chapter !
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 Linear Circuit Analysis
Pre-Requisites: Nil Contact Hrs: 3+3

Course Code: EE111 Schedule

Credits: 3+1  
Course Objective:  
This course is meant to give a good understanding of the fundamentals of electrical engineering. Starting from Ohm’s law,
and the kirchoffs laws, basic analysis techniques are taught. Important laws of circuit analysis are explained passive circuit
elements are introduced.

Course Outline:   Weeks

1 Basic Circuits Analysis. Basic electrical quantities, their units and circuit elements. Ohms Law. 2
Power rating and temp coefficient.
2 Kirchoff's Laws. Kirchhoff voltage law and Kirchhoff current law, voltage and current divider circuits. Single loop 2
circuits, single Node pair circuits, Parallel and series combinations of resistances, We and Delta transformations,
circuits with dependent sources.
3 Analysis Techniques. Mesh Analysis, including dependent and independent sources; Concept of super-mesh: Nodal 3
analysis, including dependent and independent sources; Concept of super-node.
4 Network Theorems.Superposition; Thevenien and Norton theorems; source transformation Maximum power 3
transfer.
5 Capacitance and Inductance. Capacitors and Inductors as energy storing devices, Combinations of Capacitors and 3
Inductors, energy storage, RLC circuits with DC excitation in steady state.
6 AC Steady State Analysis. Sinusoidal and Phasors, Phasor relationship for circuit elements, Impedance and 2
admittance. Nodal analysis, Mesh Analysis, Superposition Theorem, Source transformation, Thevenien and Norton
theorems.
7 A.C. steady state power. Instantaneous and average power, power factor, maximum power   transfer theorem 2
reviewed, Power Factor; PF Correction, Single-phase 3-wire circuits.
Text Book: Basic Engineering Circuit analysis by J. David Irwin. 7e
Circuit Analysis- Theory and Practice by Robbins & Miller. 4e
Spring 2017 Fundamentals of Electrical Circuits by Charles K Alexander, Sadiku (ISBN 13978-0-07-110582) MCS 5
 Introduction
• An electrical circuit is a system of interconnected components.

• The electrical behavior of these components is described by a few basic

experimental laws. These laws and the principles, concepts, mathematical
relationships, and methods of analysis.

• Much of circuit theory deals with problem solving and numerical analysis.

• Technology is rapidly changing the way we do things; we now have

computers in our homes, electronic control systems in our cars, cellular
phones.

• A first step to understanding these technologies is electric circuit theory.

• Circuit theory provides us with the knowledge of basic principles that we

need to understand the behavior of electronic devices, circuits, and systems.

In this course/book, we will develop and explore its basic ideas !

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 Before We Begin

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 EXAMPLE 2

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 EXAMPLE 3

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 EXAMPLE 4

!!! All These thing are routed through ELECTRIC CIRCUIT THEORY

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 Quick refresher of Previous knowledge

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 The SI System of Units
The solution of technical problems requires the use of units. At present,
two major systems—the English (US Customary) and the metric

English system has been largely superseded by the SI system is used.

Table 1–1 shows quantities with units expressed in both systems.

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 The SI System of Units
The SI system combines the MKS metric units and the electrical units into
one unified system. The units in Table 1–2 are defined units, while the
units in Table 1–3 are derived units, obtained by combining units from
Table 1–2.

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 The SI System of Units
A few non-SI units are still in use. For example, electric motors are
commonly rated in horsepower, and wires are frequently specified in AWG
sizes (American Wire Gage, Section 3.2).

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 Definition of Units
• The meter was defined as one ten-millionth of the distance from
the north pole to the equator.

• The second as 1/60 1/60 1/24 of the mean solar day.

• Later, more accurate definitions based on physical laws of

nature were adopted. The meter is now defined as the distance
travelled by light in a vacuum in 1/299 792 458 of a second,
• while the second is defined in terms of the period of a cesium-
based atomic clock.

• The definition of the kilogram is the mass of a specific platinum-

iridium cylinder (the international prototype), preserved at the
International Bureau of Weights and Measures in France.

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 Relative Size of the Units

• 1 meter is equal to 39.37 inches; thus, 1 inch equals

1/39.37 = 0.0254 meter or 2.54 centimeters.

• A force of one pound is equal to 4.448 newtons; thus,

1 newton is equal to 1/4.448 = 0.225 pound of force.

• One joule is the work done in moving a distance of

one meter against a force of one newton.

• Raising the weight one meter in one second requires

about one watt of power. The watt is also the SI unit
for electrical power.

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 Converting Units
• Often quantities expressed in one unit must be converted to
another.
• For example, suppose you want to determine how many
kilometers there are in ten miles. Given that 1 mile is equal
to 1.609 kilometers,

10 mi = 16.09 km.

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 Power of Ten Notation
Electrical values vary tremendously in size. -- from a few millionths of a volt to several
thousand volts.

To handle this large range, the power of ten notation is used.

Thus, 247 000 = 2.47x105. (The number 10 is called the base, and its power is called
the exponent.)

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 Power of Ten Notation - SI prefixes

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Scientific notation ! (2.47 x 105)

Engineering notation .
• Prefixes are used to represent certain powers of ten

• See Table below, a quantity such as 0.045 A (amperes) can be

expressed as 45 x 103 A, but it is preferable to express it as 45 mA.

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 The number of digits in a number that carry actual information are termed
significant digits.

3.57 meters long wire - three significant digits. (The number of significant
digits includes the first estimated digit.)

If we say that it is 3.570 m - we have four significant digits.

When determining significant digits, zeros used to locate the decimal point
are not counted. Thus, 0.004 57 has three significant digits; this can be seen
if you express it as 4.57x 10-3

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 Significant Digits and Numerical Accuracy ?

Circuit Diagrams !
• Block
• Pictorial
• Schemetic

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 CHAPTER 2

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