Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
steady-state model
Construction
a Stator windings
120o of practical machines are
120o
distributed
c’
Coil sides span can be less than
b’
180o – short-pitch or fractional-pitch
or chorded winding
120o
a’
Ni / 2
- -/2 /2
-Ni / 2
Construction
Distributed winding
– coils are distributed in several slots
(3Nci)/2
(Nci)/2
- -/2 /2
Construction
Air–gap mmf
F()
2
• Sinusoidal winding for each phase produces space sinusoidal MMF
and flux
• Sinusoidal winding for each phase produces space sinusoidal MMF
and flux
0
t
F()
t=0
• Sinusoidal winding for each phase produces space sinusoidal MMF
and flux
t1
t
F()
t = t1
2
• Sinusoidal winding for each phase produces space sinusoidal MMF
and flux
t2
t
F()
t = t2
2
• Sinusoidal winding for each phase produces space sinusoidal MMF
and flux
t3
t
F()
t = t3
2
• Sinusoidal winding for each phase produces space sinusoidal MMF
and flux
t4
t
F()
t = t4
2
• Sinusoidal winding for each phase produces space sinusoidal MMF
and flux
t5
t
F()
t = t5
2
• Sinusoidal winding for each phase produces space sinusoidal MMF
and flux
t6
t
F()
t = t6
2
• Sinusoidal winding for each phase produces space sinusoidal MMF
and flux
t7
t
F()
t = t7
2
• Sinusoidal winding for each phase produces space sinusoidal MMF
and flux
t8
t
F()
t = t8
2
Combination of 3 standing waves resulted in ROTATING MMF wave
Frequency of rotation is given by:
2 p – number of poles
s 2f
p f – supply frequency
Sinusoidally distributed flux rotates at s and induced voltage in the phase coils
Maximum flux links phase a when t = 0. No flux links phase a when t = 90o
Induced voltage
a = N p cos(t)
N p
Erms 4.44f N p
2
Maximum flux links phase a when t = 0. No flux links phase a when t = 90o
Induced voltage
N p
Erms 4.44f N pK w
2
N p
Erms 4.44f N p
2
Stator phase voltage equation:
Vs = Rs Is + j(2f)LlsIs + Eag
Eag = k f ag
Er = Rr Ir + js(2f)Llr
Er /s = (Rr / s) Ir + j(2f)Llr
Per–phase equivalent circuit
Rs Lls Llr Ir
+ + +
Is
Vs Eag Er/s
Lm Rr/s
Im – –
–
Er s
Where a is the winding turn ratio = N1/N2
Eag a
Ir
Ir ' , R r ' a R r , L lr ' a L lr
2 2
a
rotor voltage equation becomes
+ +
Lm Eag Rr’/s
Vs
–
Im –
Rr ' Rr '
Pag 3Ir' 2 3Ir' 2R r ' 3Ir' 2 1 s
s s
Pag = Tem s
X ls X lr '
2
R s
s
Power and Torque
3R r ' VTh2
Tem
ss Rr '
2
R
3R r 'Th
Vs Th X
2 X lr ' 2
Tem s 2
ss Rr '
X ls X lr '
2
R s
s
Power and Torque
Tem
Rr
Pull out s Tm
R s X ls X lr
2 2
Torque
(Tmax)
3 Vs2
Tmax
ss R R 2 X X 2
s s ls lr
Trated
r
0 sTm rated syn
s
1 0
Steady state performance
+ +
Lm Eag Rr’/s
Vs
–
Im –
Steady state performance
+ +
Lm Eag Rr’/s
Vs
–
Im –
500
400
300
Torque
200
100
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
250
200
150
Is
100
50
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
250
200
150
Ir
100
50
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Steady state performance
600
400
200
0
Torque
-200
-400
-600
-800
-2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
Steady state performance
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6 (1-s)
Efficiency
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1