Good

Day!
 ♫“Anglaya mo’y
babantayan,
Pilipinas kong mahal.” ♫
-Pilipinas
kong mahal
 The Point of YOU!
^_^

n a Radica
R a t io
l?
l? or
Factors that gave birth to Philippine
Nationalism
 The influx of liberal ideas (from
abroad)
 The Spanish Revolution (1868)
 The opening of the Suez Canal (1869)
 THE MARTYRDOM OF FATHERS
GOMEZ, BURGOS AND ZAMORA
 The
Propaganda
Movement
Propaganda Movement
-peaceful crusade or campaign for
reforms.

 It was organized and participated by

the illustrados.
 Dr. Jose Rizal, Marcelo H. del Pilar
and Graciano Lopez Jaena are the
leaders of the said movement.
Rise of the Propaganda Movement

 It began in 1872, when Fathers Mariano

Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora
were executed at the Luneta.
 The Filipino exiles of 1872 and many
patriotic students abroad met in Hong Kong,
Singapore, Barcelona, Madrid, Paris,
London and other foreign cities.
 Work of promoting the welfare and
happiness of the fatherland.

Aggressively but peacefully, by means

of writing and speeches, they crusaded
for reforms to rectify the evils of the
Spanish colonial system.
 Reforms Desired by the
Propaganda Movement
1) Equality of the Filipinos and
Spaniards before the laws.
2) Assimilation of the
Philippines as a regular
province of Spain.
3) Restoration of the Philippine
representation in the Spanish
Cortes.
 …Reforms…
4) Filipinization of the
Philippine parishes and
expulsion of the friars.
5) Human rights for Filipinos,
such as freedom of speech,
freedom of the press, and
freedom to meet and petition
for redress of grievances.
The Propagandists
 were patriots who waged their
movement by means of pen and
tongue to expose the defects of
Spanish rule in the Philippines and the
urgency of reforms to remedy them.
 They were scions of good families,
highly intelligent, educated, patriotic,
and courageous, who symbolized the
flower of Filipino manhood.
 A lawyer and a journalist
 Beloved by masses for his
eloquent Tagalog and fearless
defense of the poor against friar
abuses. 

Marcelo H. del Pilar

 Physician-novelist and a many
splendored genius.

Jose Rizal
 The greatest orator of the
Propaganda Movement

Graciano Lopez Jaena

 A medical student and a
biographical writer.

Mariano Ponce
Other Propagandists…
 Propagandists Who’s who?
Juan Luna
 and The masters of brush.
Felix Hidalgo

Pedro Paterno
  A lawyer and man of letters

Antonio Luna Pharmacist and essayist

Teacher-tutor of Prince
Alfonso de Bourbon (later
Pedro Serrano Laktaw
King Alfonso XIII of
Spain)
 Propagandists Who’s who?

Linguist and essasyist

Jose Ma. Panganiban

Fernando Canon Engineer and musician

 

Jose Alejandrino An engineer and a political

writer

Isabelo delos Reyes Folklorist, newspaperman

and a scholar

Dominador Gomez Physician, orator

Foreign Friends of the
Propaganda Movement

Foreigners who were lovers of

freedom and justice.
supported the Filipinos’ campaign
for reforms
Foreign Friends of the
Who’s who?
PM
 Austrian professor,
scholar
 Dr.Rizal’s bestfriend
 Praised Noli and Fili and
Ferdinand Blumentritt wrote a “Prologue” to
Rizal’s annotated edition of
Morga’s Sucesos de las
Islas Filipinas (Paris, 1890)

 One of the liberal

Don Juan Atayde Spaniards who aided
Filipino propagandis
Foreign Friends of Who’s who?
the PM

Founded the Circulo Hispano-

Filipino in September 1882 (a
civic association of Spaniards and
… Filipinos in Madrid)
 Published the newspaper
Revisa del Circulo Hispano-
Filipino

 Statesman, historian and

journalist
Miguel Morayta  Rizal’s professor at the
Central University of Madrid
 Foreign Friends of
Who’s who?
the PM

Former president of the

Francisco Pi y Margall
First Spanish Republic

A journalist
Emilio Junoy
Member of the Cortes

 Parliamentarian
Manuel Ruiz Zorilla  Leader of the Spanish
Republican Party
The Anti-Friar Manifesto of 1888
 Happened on March 1, 1888
 The anti-friar demonstration of hundred
of Filipino
 Led by: Doroteo Cortes, Manila
patriotic lawyer
 Assisted by: M.H. del Pilar and
Jose A. Ramos
(a London-educated rich merchant;
leading Masonic leader)
 It requested the expulsion of the friars
from the Philippines.
 submission of an anti-friar manifesto to
acting Civil Gov. Jose Centeno addressed to
Queen Regent Maria Cristina.
 titled: “Long Live the Queen! Long Live
the Army! Down with the Friars!”
 may be written either by M.H. del Pilar or
Jose A. Ramos
 it denounced the anti-Filipino Archbishop,
Pedro Payo, and the bad friars for:
* meddling in the movement
* enriching themselves contrary to their
monastic vow of poverty
* opposing the teaching of the Spanish
language to the Filipinos
* keeping the Philippines in obscurantism
Result:
* the powerful friars avenged
themselves by persecuting the leaders
and signers of the manifesto, having
them arrested and thrown into prison.

* but the patriotic demonstrators were

pardoned in 1889 as an amnesty was
issued by the Spanish Queen Regent.
La Solidaridad, Organ of the
Propaganda Movement
 a newspaper founded by
Graciano Lopez Jaena in Barcelona
on February 15, 1889.

 La Solidaridad was created due

to the reality that mass media is
important in propagating the
Propaganda objectives.
 Aims of ism and reaction,
La Solidaridad 4) to advocate
(from Jaena’s editorial)
liberal ideas and
1) to portray vividly progress
the deplorable 5) to champion
condition of the the legitimate
Philippines, aspirations of the
2) to work peacefully Filipino people for
for the political and democracy and
social reforms, happiness.
3) to combat the evil
^_^
forces of medieval-
…La Solidaridad, Organ of
the Propaganda Movement

 La Solidaridad was printed in:

Barcelona (Feb. 15-Oct. 31, 1889)
Madrid (Nov. 15-Nov. 15, 1895)

 On Dec. 15, 1889, M.H. del Pilar

replaced G.L. Jaena as its editor.
 Contributors of La
Solidaridad
 M.H. del Pilar (Plaridel)
D r. Jo s e Riz a l (L ao n L a a n )
M a ri a n o P o n c e ( T ig b a la n g )
A n to n io L u n a (T a g a - Ilo g )
 Jose Ma. Panganiban
(Jomapa)
 Dr. Pedro Paterno
 Antonio Ma. Regidor
 Isabelo delos Reyes
 Eduardo de Lete
 Jose Alejandrino
 Contributors of La
Solidaridad (Foreigner)

 Professor Blumentritt

Dr. Morayta
…La Solidaridad, Organ of
the Propaganda Movement
“We are persuaded that there are no
sacrifices that are too little to win the rights
and the liberty of a nation that is oppressed
by slavery.”
(M.H. del Pilar’s farewell editorial)

 The publication ended on Nov.

15, 1895 after an existence of
seven years.
Literature of the
Propaganda Movement
 Despite its political spirit, the
Propaganda Movement
produced certain meritorious
literary works which
contributed to the blossoming
of Filipino literature.

. . .
 Writer/s Contributions/Works

 “Ninay,” the first Filipino

novel (Madrid, 1885)
Dr. Pedro A. Paterno  a volume of melodious
• doctor of laws poems, “Sampaguitas”
• man of letters (Madrid, 1880)
 “La Antigua Civilizacion
Tagalog,” a historical book
(Madrid, 1887)

Gregorio Sanciangco
• economist “El Progreso de Filipinas,”
• also a doctor of laws authored a book (Madri, 1881)
 Writer/s Contributions/Works
 And a treatise on colonial
... economics and politics in the
Philippines.

Marcelo H. del Pilar  “Dasalan at Tuksohan”

• lawyer and journalist  “La Soberania Monacal
• excelled as a political en Filipinas”
pamphleteer  “La Frailocracia”
 Writer/s Contributions/Works

 “Fray Botod”-(Fat Friar- he

ridiculed the friars who became
very fat for eating too much and
living in luxury at the expense of
poor Filipinos, whom they
abuse.)
Graciano Lopez Jaena
 “En Tinielas”-(In Utter
Darkness, his article in La
Solidaridad; he lambasted the
biased Spanish writersfor their
absurdities.
 Writers Contributions/Works

 “Impressiones” -(a collection

Antonio Luna of essays describing the customs of the
Spaniards in Madrid)

 “La Universidad de
Filipinas: Plan de Estudios,”
Jose Ma. Panganiban -a critical essay in La Solidaridad
which exposed the defects of the
church-dominated education in the
Philippines.

Isabelo delos Reyes  “El Folk-Lore Filipino” (1887)

• folklorist & historian  “Historia de Ilocos (2 volumes;
on 1890)
 Writers Contributions/Works

Mariano Ponce  “Celebres Filipinos”

• biographer

 “Noli Me Tangere”
 “El Filibusterismo”
Dr. Rizal  “La Vision del Frey
• greatest writer of the Rodriguez” (1889) –exposed the
Propaganda Movement stupidities of Fr. Rodriguez
 “Por Telefono” (1891) –about
Fr. Salavador Font
Masonry and the
Propaganda Movement
 Many Filipino patriots became
masons (del Pilar, Jaena, Rizal, Ponce)
because they needed the help of the
masons in Spain and in other foreign
countries for their fight for reforms.
...Masonry and the
Propaganda Movement
Revolucion- 1st Filipino Masonic lodge
founded by Jaena in Barcelona
- recognized on April 1889 by
Grande Oriental Español headed by Don
Miguel Morayta
- died out on Nov. 29, 1890
after Lopez Jaena resigned as worshipful
master.
…Masonry and the
Propaganda Movement
Lodge Soidaridad- organized by M.H. del
Pilar and Julio Llorante in Madrid
- recognized on May 1890 by
Grande Oriental Español
- Llorante (Worshipful Master)
- prospered so it was joined in
by other Filipinos (Rizal, Pedro Serrano
Baldomero Roxas, Galicano Apacible, etc.)
…Masonry and the
Propaganda Movement
Lodge Nilad- 1st Filipino Masonic lodge
- founded by Serrano Laktaw in
Manila on January 6, 1892.

☻Filipino Masonic lodges in Spain and in

Philippines raised the needed funds to
finance the campaign for reforms in Spain.
Asociacion Hispano-Filipina
(Hispano-Philippine Association)
• Purpose: secure reforms for the
Philippines
• President: Don Miguel Morayta
• V-president: Gen. Felipe dela Corte
• Secretary: Dominador Gomez
• Members: all Filipinos in Europe,
prominent scholars, statesmen of other
nationalities.
...Asociacion Hispano-Filipina
(Hispano-Philippine Association)

3 Sections:
1.) Political Section (M.H. del Pilar)
2.) Literary Section (M. Ponce)
3.) Recreation Section (Tomas Arejola)
…Asociacion Hispano-Filipina
(Hispano-Philippine Association)

☻ The members met once a month to

discuss Philippine-Spanish questions.
☻ They drew up petitions and passed
resolutions.
Liga Filipina
(Philippine League)
- a Filipino civic association
 founded by Jose Rizal on July 3, 1892 in
a house at Ilaya St., Tondo

 its constitution was written by Jose

Rizal, helped by Jose Ma. Basa
…Liga Filipina
(Philippine League)

“Unus Instar Omnium”

“One Like All”

* motto *
…Liga Filipina
(Philippine League)
Aims:
1. Union of the Archipelago into a
compact, vigorous, and homogeneous
body.
2. Mutual protection in all cases of
pressing necessity.
. . .
…Liga Filipina
(Philippine League)
. . .
3. Defense against all violence and
injustice.
4. Encouragement of education,
agriculture, and commerce.
5. Study and application of reforms.
…Liga Filipina
(Philippine League)
☻ President: Ambrosio Salvador
☻ Fiscal: Agustin dela Rosa
☻ Treasurer: Bonifacio Arevalo
☻ Secretary: Deodato Arellano
…Liga Filipina
(Philippine League)
Members:
☺ Andress Bonifacio
☺ Apolinario Mabini
☺ Mamerto Natividad
☺ Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista
☺ Moises Salvador
. . .
…Liga Filipina
(Philippine League)
. . .
☺ Jose A. Dizon
☺ Domingo Franco
☺ Timoteo Paez
☺ Arcadio del Rosario
☺ Numeriano Andriano
☺ Timoteo Lanuza
…Liga Filipina
(Philippine League)
 However, three days after the founding
of Liga Filipina, Rizal was arrested by
order of Governor General Despujol
 On July 6, 1892, Rizal was exiled to
Dapitan-known to be the Liga Filipina’s
collapse.
End of Propaganda
Movement
 Rizal’s arrest to Dapitan marks the
end of the Propaganda movement.
 Radical members like Andres Bonifacio
separated from the movement, believing
that it was useless to expect reforms from
the Spaniards.
…End of Propaganda
Movement
Los Compromisarios
- a group organized in purpose of
prolonging the movement
* Each member promised to contribute
financially to aid the Propaganda
movement in Spain.
…End of Propaganda
Movement
(…Los Compromisarios)
-among the active members were:
• Apolinario Mabini
• Domingo Franco
• Numeriano Andriano
• Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista
• Timoteo Paez (..etc...)
…End of Propaganda
Movement
(…Los Compromisarios)
- For some months, the Compromisarios
sent funds to M.H. del Pilar in Madrid for
the continued printing of La Solidaridad.
- Later, many members stopped paying
their contributions so that the flow of funds
to Spain ceased.
…End of Propaganda
Movement
(…Los Compromisarios)
- For some months, the Compromisarios
sent funds to M.H. del Pilar in Madrid for
the continued printing of La Solidaridad.
- Later, many members stopped paying
their contributions so that the flow of funds
to Spain ceased.
…End of Propaganda
Movement
 For lack of funds, La Solidaridad died
out after its last issue on November 15,
1895.

 With the demise of the La

Solidaridad, the Propaganda
Movement consequently ended.
…End of Propaganda
Movement

 The Propaganda Movement failed,but

the ideas of freedom and justice which it
sowed paved the ground for the
Philippine Revolution that the
Katipunan and Andres Bonifacio began
in the hills of Balintawak in August 1896.
 “Status?
Shares? Likes and Unlikes?
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Texting .. Lalo na “gm” ???
Di naman talaga
sila bagum-bago!
FYI…
Derived na lang sila lahat sa
Diplomatic Method of Expression
na pinauso ni Rizal noong araw!!!” 
Mr. Armando Delfino
-Instructor
(SSC102C-SE
Philippine History)

Prepared by:
Rebecca B. Borromeo
BSE-2 Eng