Research Methodology

Md. Abdul Hannan

Associate Prof.
hmd77@duet.ac.bd
01913354913
 Contents
• MEANING OF RESEARCH
• Criteria of Good Research
• OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH
• MOTIVATION IN RESEARCH
• TYPES OF RESEARCH
• Significance of Research
Research Methods versus Methodology
Research Process
 Benefits
Professional interest?
-Degree, Position, Performance Common
Academic interest? Practice
-Complete credit
Personal interest?
-Reputation, social height
**Helps to be a good personnel
Expectations

Meaningful life, sense of satisfaction

Patience

Balanced behavior with individuals

Outcome the way for solution

Good decision making

Personal, academic, social stability

 Research
A way of thinking

Habit of questioning Observed information

 Re--------search
• The word research is composed of two syllables, re and
search.
Re is a prefix meaning again, anew or over again
Search is a verb meaning to examine closely and carefully, to test
and try, or to probe. Together they form a noun describing a
careful, systematic, patient study and investigation in some
field of knowledge, undertaken to establish facts or principles.
Re Search
again, a new or over again to examine closely and
carefully
= careful, systematic, patient study
= establish facts or principles
 Examples
• Removal of textile dyes using acid activated low cost carbon;
• Parimalam R, 2015

• Adsorption of textile dye effluent Using activated carbon obtained From biomass;
• Senthilkumar T, 2015

• Retail Marketing of Textile and Apparel Products In Chennai City A Study With Reference to Consume
r
Behaviour;
• S Radha, 2015

• Analytical study on the factors and Methods to improve light fastness of Reactive dyed cotton fabrics;
• Thiagarajan P, 2015

• A study on the quality of work life of textile employees with special reference to tirupur district tamil
nadu;
• R. KANAKARATHINAM, 2015
 Examples
• Perception of competency mapping among employees working in textile spinning mills with s
pecial reference to
coimbatore district;
• P.REVATHI, 2015

• Financial performance of Textile Industry in Cooperative sector in Tamilnadu;

• RV Kannan, 2015

• Studies on removal of textile dyes from aqueous solution using minerals;

• Vijayakumar G, 2015

• A study on working capital management in textile industry;

• Mrs. J. GAYATHRI, 2015

• Assessment of lean manufacturing in apparel export industry of national capital region;

• Prabhjot Kaur, 2015
 Criteria Enabling Research
While undertaking a research study to find answers to a question, it is
implied that:
1. the process is being undertaken within a framework of a set of
philosophies (approaches or ideas or thinking);
2. the process uses procedures, methods and techniques that have
been tested for their validity(correct procedures) and
reliability(repeatability and accuracy); Bias is deliberate/purposeful
attempt to either conceal or highlight something
3. the process is designed to be unbiased and objective Each Step in
an unbiased manner
Each conclusion to the best of one’s ability and
Without introducing one’s own vested interest.
The Advanced Learner’s Dictionary: A careful investigation or inquiry specially
through search for new facts in any branch of knowledge.
Redman and Mory : A systematized effort to gain new knowledge.
Clifford Woody: Research comprises defining and redefining problems, formulating
hypothesis or suggested solutions; collecting, organising and evaluating data;
making deductions and reaching conclusions; and at last carefully testing the
conclusions to determine whether they fit the formulating hypothesis
D. Slesinger and M. Stephenson: The manipulation of things, concepts or symbols
for the purpose of generalizing to extend, correct or verify knowledge, whether
that knowledge aids in construction of theory or in the practice of an art.
Reference Material(1) : Research is the systematic method consisting of
enunciating the problem, formulating a hypothesis, collecting the facts or data,
analyzing the facts and reaching certain conclusions either in the form of
solutions(s) towards the concerned problem or in certain generalizations for
some theoretical formulation.
Reference Material(2) : Research is a structured enquiry that utilizes acceptable
scientific methodology to solve problems and create new knowledge that is
generally applicable.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
• Research is a process of collecting, analyzing and interpreting information to
answer questions. 
• But to qualify as research, the process must have certain characteristics: it
must, as far as possible, be controlled, rigorous, systematic, valid and
verifiable, empirical and critical.
• Controlled- The concept of control implies that, in exploring causality in
relation to two variables (factors), you set up your study in a way that
minimizes the effects of other factors affecting the relationship.
• Rigorous-You must be scrupulous in ensuring that the procedures followed to
find answers to questions are relevant, appropriate and justified. varies
between the physical and social sciences.
• Systematic-This implies that the procedure adopted to undertake an
investigation follow a certain logical sequence. The different steps cannot be
taken in a haphazard(?) way. Some procedures must follow others
• Valid and verifiable-this concept implies that whatever you conclude
on the basis of your findings is correct and can be verified by you and
others. 
• Empirical-this means that any conclusion drawn are based upon hard
evidence gathered from information collected from real life
experiences or observations. 
• Critical-critical scrutiny of the procedures used and the methods
employed is crucial to a research enquiry. The process of investigation
must be foolproof(perfect) and free from drawbacks. The process
adopted and the procedures used must be able to withstand critical
scrutiny.
• For a process to be called research, it is imperative that it has the
above characteristics.
 AIMS and OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH
• The purpose of research is to discover answers to questions through the application of
scientific procedures. The main aim of research is to find out the truth which is hidden
and which has not been discovered as yet. Though each research study has its own
specific purpose, we may think of research objectives as falling into a number of
following broad groupings:
• 1. exploratory or formulative research studies;
• 2. descriptive research studies;
• 3. diagnostic research studies;
• 4. hypothesis-testing research studies.
• Aims are broad statements of desired outcomes or the general intentions of the
research, which 'paint the picture' of your research proposal –
• they:
• emphasize what is to be accomplished, not how it is to be accomplished
• address the long-term project outcomes, i.e. they should reflect the aspirations and
expectations of the research topic
• Objectives are the steps you are going to take to answer your research
questions or a specific list of tasks needed to accomplish the goals of the project -
they:
• emphasize how aims are to be accomplished
• must be highly focused and feasible
• address the more immediate project outcomes
• make accurate use of concepts and be sensible and precisely described
• are usually numbered so that each objective reads as an 'individual' statement to
convey your intention
• The objectives provide an accurate description of the specific actions you will take
in order to reach this aim. As with the problem formulation, the overall objective
should be framed in a single sentence. – Each specific objective consists of one
infinitive sentence and should be phrased in a way that makes it possible to draw
a conclusion from within the scope of the thesis.
 should and should not
• Aims and Objectives should:
• Be concise and brief.
• Be interrelated; the aim is what you want to achieve, and the objective describes
how you are going to achieve that aim.
• Be realistic about what you can accomplish in the duration of the project and the other
commitments you have
• Provide you and your supervisor(s) with indicators of how you intend to:
–approach the literature and theoretical issues related to your project.
–access your chosen subjects, respondents, units, goods or services.
–develop a sampling frame and strategy or a rationale for their selection.
–develop a strategy and design for data collection and analysis.
–deal with ethical and practical problems in your research.
• Aims and Objectives should not:
• Be too vague(unclear), ambitious or broad in scope.
• Just repeat each other in different terms.
• Just be a list of things related to your research topic.
• Contradict your methods - i.e. they should not imply methodological goals or standards
of measurement, proof or generalisability of findings that the methods cannot sustain.
 Aims and Objectives in Broad Terms

• Aims are what you hope to achieve by the end

of your dissertation. They should be clear and
concise statements, but expressed in general
terms.  
• Objectives are how you intend to achieve
those aims. They will include the specific
means of answering the research question that
you have posed and details of the key issues
involved.
 Relation to title
• Innovation, Investigation, Development, Comparative study, Detailed
study, Analysis of logical issue etc.
• Main output target: Economical/Energy saving, User friendliness,
Environment friendliness.
• Concepts on existing Problems:
• Yarn, Fabric, Wet Process, Apparel, Management, Technical or functional
in Textile Engineering.
• Yarn: Blending, neps formulation, wire clothing life, drafting system, count
deviation.
• Fabric: Good sizing, creel capacity, weaving efficiency, knitting parameters
and effect.
• Wet Process: ??? Limitless……
• Apparel: ???
 Scopes for research idea generation

• Zone, Use, Raw material, Functional material,

Environment etc.
• Ex: Bangladesh
 Upcoming……………..
• Research Methodology
• “Methodology” implies more than simply the methods you intend to use to
collect data.
• When you describe your methods it is necessary to state how you have
addressed the research questions and/or hypotheses. The methods should
be described in enough detail for the study to be replicated, or at least
repeated in a similar way in another situation. Every stage should be
explained and justified with clear reasons for the choice of your particular
methods and materials.
• There are many different ways to approach the research that fulfils the
requirements of a dissertation. These may vary both within and between
disciplines. It is important to consider the expectations and possibilities
concerning research in your own field. You can do this by talking to your
tutors and looking at dissertations written by former students on your course.