SOLUTION

STOICHIOMETRY
SOLVE
Calculate the molarity of a solution made by
dissolving 23.4 g of sodium sulfate, Na 2SO4, in
enough water to form 125 mL of solution.
SOLUTION
Given: mass (solute) = 23.4 g Na2SO4
volume (solution) = 125 mL solution

Convert: 23.4 g/142 g/mol = 0.165 mol Na2SO4

125 mL = 0.125 L

Molarity = mole (solute)/ L of solution

=0.165 mol/ 0.125 L
= 1.32 mol/L or 1.32 M
A SOLUTION CAN ALSO BE PREPARED TO A
SPECIFIED MOLARITY BY:
 Weighing the calculated mass of solute in the laboratory
and dissolving it in enough solvent to form the desired
volume of solution:

molarity (M) = moles solute

volume of solution (L)

= mass solute/molar mass solute

volume of solution (L)

 Starting with a more concentrated solution, dilute with

water to give a solution of the desired molarity:
MCVC=MdVd
 “WHAT IS THE COMPOSITION OF
SM CHOCO?”

1. Ingredients of SM Choco:
 Six Graham Crackers (GC)

 Three Marshmallow (M)

 Two Kisses chocolate (KC)

2. One SM Choco is composed of:

 Two Graham Crackers (GC)

 One Marshmallow (M)

 One Kisses chocolate (KC)

3. Make more SM Choco using the ingredients presented.
Focus Questions:
 How might “you write that in a chemical formula format?”

a. What would the reactants be?

b. What is the product? How many SM Choco can be
prepared?
c. What is the ratio of the ingredients to form SM Choco?
CHEMICAL EQUATION

2 Graham Crackers (GC) +

1 Marshmallow (M) +
1 Kisses chocolate (KC) ——> 1 SM Choco

Reactants Product
OBJECTIVES:
 understand solution stoichiometry and its
usefulness in relation to real world application;
and
 perform stoichiometric calculations for reactions
in solution using model on how to set up the
problem and the steps to solve it.
 Stoichiometry

- is the relationship between the relative

quantities of substances taking part in a reaction
or formation of a compound.
 Mole

- is the SI unit for amount of substance.

 Mole to mole ratio

- is the quantitative relationship between the

amounts of reactants and/or products in a given
chemical equation.

 Molar mass
- is the mass of one mole of substance, usually
measured in g/mol.
STOICHIOMETRY
 Was first introduced in 1792 by a German chemist,
Jeremias Benjamin Richter.

 Derived from two Greek words stoicheion meaning

“element” and metron which means “measure”.
Nitric acid reacts with sodium
hydroxide in solution to give sodium
nitrate and water.
Nitric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide in solution
to give sodium nitrate and water.

HNO3(aq) + NaOH(aq) —> NaNO3(aq) + H2O(l)

1 mole 1 mole 1 mole 1 mole

SAMPLE PROBLEM
How many moles of water are formed when 25.0
mL of 0.100 M HNO3 completely reacts with
NaOH?
In the given chemical equation, there is HNO3.
How many moles of this material are reacting to
produce water?

V HNO3 = 25.0 mL X 1L/1000 mL

= 0.025 L.
Thus:
moles HNO3 = M HNO3 X V HNO3
= 0.100 mol/L X 0.025 L
= 0.0025 mol
Molarity = mol/L

mol = molarity/L
mol= mol/L
L
HNO3(AQ) + NAOH(AQ) —> NANO3(AQ) + H2O(L)

1 MOLE 1 MOLE 1 MOLE 1 MOLE

 Computing for the moles of water formed:

moles H2O = mol HNO3 X mole ratio of

H2O to HNO3

Mole H2O = 0.0025 mol HNO3 x 1 mole H2O

1 mole HNO3
= 0.0025 mol H2O
EXERCISES:
 What volume of a 0.470M HCl reacted with enough Zn
metal to produce 1.50g ZnCl2 based on the following
reaction?

What is the balanced equation?

Zn(s) + HCl(aq) —> ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)
Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) —> ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)
Zn(s) + 2 HCl(aq) —> ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)
 Molar mass of ZnCl2 = 136.29 g/mol

Mole ZnCl2 = 1.50 g ZnCl2 x 1mol ZnCl2

136.29 g ZnCl2
= 0.0110 mol ZnCl2

Mole of HCl = 0.0110 mol ZnCl2 x 2 mol HCl

1 mol ZnCl2
= 0.0220 mol HCl
Molarity = mol/L

L = mol/ molarity
L= mol
mol/L

 VHCl = 0.0220 mol HCl

0.470 mol/L
= 0.0468 L
= 46.8 mL
THINK AND SOLVE-PAIR SHARE

CONSIDER THIS EQUATION:

Ca(OH)2(s) + 2 HCl(aq) —> CaCl2(aq) + 2 H2O(l)

 a) How many liters of 0.100 M HCl is required

to completely react with 5.00 grams of calcium
hydroxide?
 b) If 15.0 grams of calcium hydroxide is
combined with 75.0 mL of 0.500 M HCl, how
many grams of calcium chloride would be
formed?
 EXPECTED ANSWERS:

a. Mol HCl needed: 0.135 mol HCl needed to

neutralize 5.00g Ca(OH)2
Volume HCl: 1.36 L HCl
EVALUATION:
Using the equation:
1.) 2 NaOH + H2SO4 —> 2 H2O + Na2SO4

How many grams of sodium sulfate will be formed, if you start

with 1.25 L of a 4.0 M solution of sodium hydroxide?

2.) How many grams of Ca(OH)2 are needed to neutralize 25.0

mL of 0.100M HNO3? The reaction proceeds as follows:
2HNO3 (aq) + Ca(OH)2 (s) —> H2O(l) + Ca(NO3)2 (aq)