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1) FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE:
ENVIRONMENTAL NURSING
THEORY
Often considered the first
nurse theorist
Defined nursing as ³the act of
utilizing the environment of
the patient to assist him in his
recovery´.
Nightingale¶s general
concepts of Environmental
Sanitation includes:
sProper Ventilation
sAdequate Lighting
sCleanliness
sAdequate Warmth
sQuiet
sDiet
1) FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE: ENVIRONMENTAL NURSING THEORY
Application:
A. Nursing Practice
The principles of Nursing Practice by FN are
continuously used to this very day. With the advent of
technology and with it globalization, comes threats
from the environment.
> Global Warming
> Industrial Noise
> Air Pollution
> Fad Diets
> Vanity
Nurses of today still needs to:
s aintain Adequate Ventilation
s Promote Adequate & Appropriate Nutrition
s aintain Normal Homeostatic Body
Temperature
s Observe Basic Hygiene
s Comfort easures including Environmental
Sanitation
1) FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE: ENVIRONMENTAL NURSING THEORY
. Nursing Education
St. Thomas & King¶s College Hospital in London
- able to provide framework for the
establishment of Nursing Training Schools through
a Universal template that contains principles of
nursing training. It included instruction in Scientific
Principles & Practical Experience for the mastery of
skills
- FN advocated the separation of nursing
training from hospital to more appropriate learning
environment in the School or University setting. This
was advocated for FN believed the SN¶s role is to
learn the Art & Science of Nursing before being
employed in the Nursing Service.
- FN is also a strong proponent of practice
nursing in education. She believed that Good
Nursing only come from Good Education
) VIRGINIA HENDERSON:
FOURTEEN FUNDAMENTAL
NEEDS
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) VIRGINIA HENDERSON:
FOURTEEN FUNDAMENTAL NEEDS
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1) Breathing normally
2) Eating and drinking adequately
3) Eliminating body waste
4) oving and maintaining a desirable
position
5) Sleeping and resting
6) Selecting suitable clothes
7) aintaining body temperature within
normal range by adjusting clothing and
modifying the environment
) VIRGINIA HENDERSON:
FOURTEEN FUNDAMENTAL NEEDS
V) Keeping the body clean and well groomed
to protect the integument
9) Avoiding dangers in the environment and
avoiding injuring others
10) Communicating with others in expressing
emotions, needs, fears, or opinions
11) Worshipping according to one¶s faith
12) Working in a such way that one feels a
sense of accomplishment
13) Playing or participating in various forms of
recreation
14) Learning, discovering, or satisfying the
curiosity that leads to normal development
and health, and using available health
facilities
) VIRGINIA HENDERSON:
FOURTEEN FUNDAMENTAL NEEDS
Application:
Nur
- pt.¶s
ability to perform the 14 basic
needs should be assessed before
considering the kind of nursing care function
you will administer. Essential to determine if
the N will be performing as a HELPER,
DOER or a PARTNER
Nsg interventions are implemented
according to the 14 basic human needs of
the patient. The degree of performance,
involvement of the pt. and the level of
nursing activity will be dependent on the
specific role the nurse will be playing
Ë) FAYE ADELLA:
PROLEM SOLVING APPROACH TO
1 NURSING PROLEMS
Focus is on PROPER
IDENTIFICATION of
the problem
Nurse-centered
Ë) FAYE ADELLA:
PROLEM SOLVING APPROACH TO 1 NURSING PROLEMS
1.To maintain good hygiene.
2.To promote optimal activity:
exercise, rest, and sleep.
3.To promote safety.
4.To maintain good body
mechanics.
5.To facilitate the maintenance
of supply of oxygen.
6.To facilitate maintenance of
nutrition.
7.To facilitate maintenance of
elimination.
Ë) FAYE ADELLA:
PROLEM SOLVING APPROACH TO 1 NURSING PROLEMS
Application:
edside Nursing
The N¶s ability to address &
effectively manage the 1 Nursing
problems will spell the patient¶s
state of health ± whether he fully
recovers well & fast, or deteriorate
further with devastating
consequences
Ns therefore, have very
important role to play. y adhering
to these nursing problems, the
work of a N becomes More Definite
) MADELEINE LEININGER:
TRANSCULTURAL NURSING THEORY
Nursing is a HUANISTIC and
SCIENTIFIC mode of helping
through CULTURE-SPECIFIC
PROCESS
Emphasizes human caring
varies among cultures
Culture Care Preservation and
aintenance
Culture Care Accommodation
and Negotiation
Culture Care Restructuring and
Repatterning
) MADELEINE LEININGER:
TRANSCULTURAL NURSING THEORY
Application:
Important esp because of the rapid
expansion of knowledge & increasing
globalization with the advent of advances in
ICT.
Working Overseas
Impt to learn the cultures of other
people because each culture has its own sets
of patterns, expressions & values of caring.
Getting acquainted with the culture of
a country you are seeking employment as a
professional nurse will be a good stepping
stone towards a more fulfilling career in
nursing.
') MARTHA ROGERS
SCIENCE of UNITARY HUMAN EING
Views the person as a irreducible
whole, the whole being greater
than the sum of its parts
± an is composed of energy fields,
which are in constant interaction
with the environment
± Seek to promote harmonic
interactions between the two
energy fields (Human and
Environmental)
') MARTHA ROGERS
SCIENCE of UNITARY HUMAN EING
Application
Her theory is relevant in
today¶s nurses focusing
on the Totality of the
Person. Nurses should
strive to promote
symphonic interaction
between the 2 energy
fields in order to
strengthen the coherence
& integrity of the person.
â) IMOGENE KING
GOAL ATTAINMENT THEORY
Patient has THREE (3) interacting
systems
Interaction
Any situation wherein the N relates & deals
With a ct. or pt.
Transaction
â) IMOGENE KING
GOAL ATTAINMENT THEORY
Application:
Provides enough direction to how
nurses should be able to behave or
act in the presence of pts. Since
majority of nursing activities involves
direct interaction w/ pts., Ns should
understand the basic implications of
the Action-Reaction-Interaction-
Transaction model of the N-Pt.
Relationship.
ù) HILDEGARD PEPLAU
INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS MODEL
Peplau is a psychiatric
nurse
± Focus: Therapeutic
process
1. Orientation
Nurse and patient test
the role each one
assumes
Prepares patient for
termination
Patient identifies areas
of difficulty
ù) HILDEGARD PEPLAU
INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS MODEL
2. Identification Phase
Patient identifies with
the personnel who can
satisfy his needs
3. Exploitation Phase
Nurse maximizes all
the resources to benefit
the patient
ù) HILDEGARD PEPLAU
INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS MODEL
4. Resolution Phase or
Termination Phase
Occurs when patient¶s
needs have been met
ù) HILDEGARD PEPLAU
INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS MODEL
Application
Significant in terms of the
different phases of the N-Pt.
interaction & the different ROLES the
N can play in giving nursing care to
pts. It thus becomes important for
nurses to understand the principles
behind each of these concepts so
that clinical nsg will be more
meaningful for the nurse. Eventually,
this will translate to pt. outcomes like:
Improved health
Prevention of Disease pr
Enhancement of care faculties
V) JEAN WATSON:
HUMAN CARING MODEL
The Role of the Nurse is to find out & meet the Pt¶s stat need for help. Ns
should use his perception, thoughts about the perception or the feeling
engendered from their thoughts to explore with patients the meaning of
their behavior
m) IDA JEAN ORLANDO:
NURSING PROCESS THEORY
The use of the theory keeps the N¶s focus on the patient
Application:
The Theory increases the Therapeutic Effectiveness of nurses by
the expression of Empathy, Warmth & Genuineness esp in the light of
addressing the Stat Need of the Patient for help. This framework will be
important for Ns who are assigned in special clinical areas that requires
quick decision making & critical thinking skills.
If the patient¶s condition improved, then the intervention is effective
and the patient moves on to new problems
10) JOYCE TRAVELEE
INTERPERSONAL ASPECTS OF NURSING THEORY
Human to Human Relationship
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10) JOYCE TRAVELEE
INTERPERSONAL ASPECTS OF NURSING THEORY
Human to Human Relationship
Application:
The theory describes the various
stages of interpersonal elations that occur
bet a Patient and a N. It thus becomes
important for Ns to fully understand the
phases and its effects to the patient¶s
welfare. Due consideration should be given
to the pt¶s inherent personal characteristics
to interact w/ other people, most especially
Ns & other members of the healthcare
professions.
The key concept of Empthy,
Sympathy, Rapport & Emotional
Understanding are very important for the Ns
of today because it makes the patient feel
human.
11) NOLA PENDER:
HEALTH PROMOTION MODEL
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11) NOLA PENDER:
HEALTH PROMOTION MODEL
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11) NOLA PENDER:
HEALTH PROMOTION MODEL
Application:
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1) ETTY NEUMAN:
HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS MODEL
Person is viewed as an Open
System composed of Basic
Structure of Energy Resources
which includes:
Physiologic
Psychologic
Sociocultural
Developmental
Spiritual
1) ETTY NEUMAN:
HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS MODEL
Basic Structure/Central Core
- surrounded by 2 concentric
boundaries or Rings called
2 which
represents the internal factors
that AID the person Defend
against a Stressor.
Stressors:
Intrapersonal
Interpersonal
Extrapersonal
1) ETTY NEUMAN:
HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS MODEL
FOCUS of Nursing Interventions :
- keeping or maintaining the stability of the
open system which can be carried out on
three levels of prevention
APPLICATION
Very comprehensive model of nsg that outlines the
way how Ns provide HOLISTIC NURSING CARE to
pts. Emphasis is on the management of Stress thru
adequate understanding of the complex client system.
Strong Advocate of Prevention Interventions which is
congruent to the aims of modern-day nsg & Hxcare
services. It is a UST that Ns perform thorough &
comprehensive assessment that includes ALL
aspects of the Ct.
1Ë) SISTER CALISTA ROY:
ADAPTATION MODEL
an is a BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL
BEING
1. Wholly Compensatory or
Total Compensatory
± For paralyzed patients, for
ICU patients
2. Partial Compensatory
± Patient performs some of
nursing care needs
3. Supportive-Educative
± For up and about patient
1) DOROTHEA OREM:
SELF CARE AND
SELF CARE DEFICIT THEORY
APPLICATION
The elements of the theory clearly emphasize
the need to understand the importance of
self- care in the Promotion and maintenance of
Health & Wellbeing.
Focus on the pt¶s capacity/ability to perform
self-care activities in order to determine which
self-care activities to perform for the client.
The model emphasizes on Education
& Supportive easures
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± very important
aspect of clinical nursing today
15) PATRICIA ENNER
NURSING EXPERTISE MODEL
Her concern is:
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15) PATRICIA ENNER
NURSING EXPERTISE MODEL
APPLICATION
Instrumental in differentiating
knowledge development & career
progression in Nursing.
It is important for Nursing students
and professional nurses alike to learn
through Experience or by Experiential
Learning. Learning by experience will allow
you to gain Mastery of a given skill.
16) LYDIA HALL
CORE, CARE, CURE MODEL
Individuals could be conceptualized in
3 Separate Domains:
1. CARE ± hands on bodily care
2. CORE ± using the self in relationship to the
client
3. CURE ± applying medical knowledge
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in all 3 Domains but in
different Degrees.
1. CURE ± limited to helping patients/families
deals w/ the measures instituted by the
physician
. CARE ± exclusive for nursing
Ë. CORE ± shared w/ Social workers,
Psychologists, Clergy & other Professionals
1â) LYDIA HALL
CORE, CARE, CURE MODEL
APPLICATION
Foundation for classifying the
Professional N¶s functions today. Ns are able to
carry out Nursing Interventions
INDEPENDENTLY
DEPENDENTLY
INTERDEPENDENTLY
2. Conservation of
Structural Integrity
± Example: turn patient
from side to side every
two hours to avoid bed
sores
1ù) MYRA LEVINE:
FOUR CONSERVATION
PRINCIPLES OF NURSING
3. Conservation of
Personal Integrity
± Example: maintain
patient¶s privacy
4. Conservation of Social
Integrity
± Example: maintenance
of patient¶s
relationships
1ù) MYRA LEVINE:
FOUR CONSERVATION
PRINCIPLES OF NURSING
APPLICATION
Ns should be able to identify the
many Nurse-Patient activities which
are implied in the 4 Conservation
odels. It can be applied to geriatric
nursing where majority of the elderly
pts will have some problems in at least 2
of the conservation models.
Structural integrity focuses on the
body¶s ability to ward of infections &
other bodily harm. It means that it is
important to keep these barriers ± skin &
mucous membranes - intact
1V) MARJORIE GORDON:
HUMAN FUNCTIONAL HEALTH PATTERNS
± Focus is on Eleven
(11) Health Patterns
± Advantage to the
nurse:
It enables the nurse
to determine the
client¶s response as
functional or
dysfunctional
1V) MARJORIE GORDON:
HUMAN FUNCTIONAL HEALTH PATTERNS
Eleven Functional Health
Patterns
± Health perception
± Nutritional / etabolic
± Elimination
± Activity and Exercise
Pattern
± Cognitive Perceptual
Pattern
1V) MARJORIE GORDON:
HUMAN FUNCTIONAL HEALTH PATTERNS
Eleven Functional Health
Patterns
± Sleep and Rest
± Self perception / Self
concept
± Role Relationship
Pattern
± Sexuality /
Reproductive
± Coping-Stress-
Tolerance
± Value Belief Patterns
1V) MARJORIE GORDON:
HUMAN FUNCTIONAL HEALTH PATTERNS
SISTER LETTY G. KUAN
D rtato: ´R tr t & Rol Dotut
Outcome
Retirement
Fruitful Retirement
Role Discontinuities Change of Life And Aging
(Aging Process)
CARMENCITA AAQUIN
D rtato: ´PREPARE ME It rv to & th
Qualty of Lf of Ava Pror v Ca r
Pat t
³To Nursing« may be able to provide
the care that our clients need in
maintaining their quality of life and
being instrumental in ³irthing´ them
to External life´
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