a.

INTEGRATED STRATEGY FOR MANAGING CYCLONES

The National Policy on Disaster Management 2009 stipulates the tackling of disasters through disaster management
cycle starting with prevention, early warning, preparedness, mitigation, response, relief and rehabilitation.
Early Warning to the Last Mile: On receipt of information from Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) of the
approaching cyclone, the State Emergency Operation Centre (SEOC) would immediately through a web based early
warning dissemination system (If not already developed; needs to be developed) send warning from Chief
Secretary/Chief Minister right up to the last mile i.e. people living in far flung coastal areas and to fishermen through
their mobiles or other systems so installed. This will help the people to become vigilant 48-72 hours before the
landfall of cyclone and either shift to safer places such as Multipurpose Cyclone Shelters (MPCSs) or to move to
areas within the state which are not likely to be affected by cyclone. Similarly, District Emergency Operation Centers
(DEOCs) would ensure through their web based system that warning reaches to each and every village/habitation of
the district for people to take appropriate action.
Preparedness: The State Emergency Operation Centre (SEOC) would be further strengthened if there is need to do
so; to continuously transfer the warnings to various stakeholders to minimize the human and other material losses.
Video conferencing if required can be done by Chief Minister/Chief Secretary/Relief Commissioner with districts and
sub divisions to be affected by cyclones to fill the gaps of any requirements. NDRF teams as per need can be
requisitioned and deputed to strategic locations for timely and effective response. Defense forces and Coast Guards
should also be requested to be on the stand by and come for assistance at the time of need. The District Disaster
Management Authorities (DDMA) would also start preparing on these lines at the district level and be in touch with
State Disaster Management Authority/State Emergency Operation Centre, Chief Secretary and Relief Commissioner.
Section 34 of Disaster Management Act, 2005 can also be applied to compulsorily shift the vulnerable people in the
cyclone affected areas to safer havens. This would help in saving the lives of the vulnerable population which was
duly enforced during cyclone .
Mitigation Measures: Based on the gaps identified with respect to the Management of Cyclones, the short-term and
long term mitigation measures may be taken. However, immediate steps should be taken for mainstreaming of
Disaster Risk Reduction in the development plans of all existing and new development programmers, projects and
schemes by incorporation of disaster resilient specifications in design and construction. This policy should not only
cover Government and Public Sector but private sector as well both in urban and rural areas. The development of
infrastructure must be done in an environmentally sustainable manner. Climate change phenomena has contributed
towards increase of frequency and intensity of disasters especially cyclones, flood and drought. This requires more
attention.
Response: The movement of NDRF and SDRF (if in position) shall be followed so that the response strategy is
focused and leads to precious saving of lives. Relief should be distributed to the affected people in an effective
and efficient manner.
Rehabilitation: Rehabilitation as per policy in force would be undertaken to rehabilitate the poor and needy
following the Relief and Rehab Manual at the earliest. Restoration should be in a way that disaster resilient
practices are kept in view and implemented to avoid large scale damage as witnessed during this disaster.
Feedback should be given to the States and Centre where-ever needed, for revision of any norms contained in
the Manual for better rehabilitation and recovery. It can be seen that through appropriate risk reduction and
mitigation measures, the number of lives lost has been reduced to less than 1% during cyclone Phailin and
Hudhud compared to what was witnessed during super-cyclone of Odisha. However, bringing resilience to
infrastructure, agriculture, livestock and poultry is the need of the hour.
RELIEF OPERATIONS PERFORMED.
Relief operations in the aftermath of cyclone Hud hud are being undertaken by the Navy in close coordination
with the state and district administration. Based on interaction with the local administration, community kitchens
were set up at various locations and distribution of food was undertaken in coordination with the local MLAs /
reps. However, based on inputs from the MLAs, some community kitchens have since been discontinued and the
kitchens that are presently being run by the Navy are heavily subscribed.
Additional air drop of relief material was undertaken at Rambilli by Chetak helicopters as the area continues to be
isolated post the cyclone. In addition, aerial recce of the affected areas by Naval helicopters was also
undertaken.Relief material transported by IAF aircraft on 15 Oct 14 is being stored at INS Dega and is thereafter
being shifted to feeder trucks for onward distribution in coordination with the civil administration. Suitable
storage space has also have been provided to the civil authorities for smooth distribution of the relief material.
Continued efforts of the Navy in close liaison with the AAI, have resulted in clearance of the airfield for civil flights
for day and night operations. A meeting was held with the airport authority on 15 Oct 14 to discuss modalities for
resumption of civil flight operations from INS Dega. All efforts are being made by the Navy to assist AAI and NDRF
in making the Vishakhapatnam terminal ready for civil flight operations by 17 Oct 14. A temporary helipad has
also been made operational at Naval Coastal Battery at Beach Road to facilitate smooth movement of civil
officials involved in monitoring the relief operations.
Naval communication personnel are assisting the telecom authorities and civil administration in restoration of
communication lines and connectivity is being progressively restored in the affected areas.
 Survey of Vishakhapatnam harbour till the Outer Turning Basin has been completed with wire sweeps, side scan
sonar and check sounding and the harbour has been declared safe for operations. It is intended to undertake
sounding checks at civil berths and carry out survey of breakwater to ensure that the harbour is fully operation al at
the earliest.
Aerial sorties for survey and relief operations, as requested by civil authorities, would continue to be undertaken.
The community kitchens being run by the Navy for distribution of food will continue to operate. Clearance of trees
and power lines in residential areas will continue to be undertaken to restore normalcy. Naval sailors will continue to
supplement and assist authorities in restoration of communications water and power supply in the affected areas

b.Role of architects in post disaster situation.

A.
The architect’s job is to understand the complex needs of clients and users of building projects and with
multidisciplinary teams working on reconstruction development .
Architects’ services cover new buildings, conversions and refurbishment through a series of inspecting and
surveying sites and existing buildings and consulting with clients and users on their requirements.
 coordinating the work of other professionals.
 testing design ideas to establish feasibility and developing selected options and preparing reports and design
information ranging from site layouts to the technical details of construction and specification for estimating costs.
Provide an assessment of the way people build in the area, their use of dwellings, community facilities and other
buildings
 architects can help pinpoint historic and culturally important buildings at risk.
Facilitate community surveys and advise on the planning of community shelters and dwellings.
Provide advice on building use in the event of hazard.
Design relief shelters for dwellings as well as larger structures for essential services such as medical facilities and
vulnerable groups that need special accommodation such as the sick and injured.
Develop survey methods to facilitate the repair and reconstruction of dwellings, vital facilities, community buildings
and heritage buildings. Provide an assessment of traditional patterns of use of space, building materials and
technology ,work as part of social survey teams.
Advise on the selection of building materials and technology that are part of the compensation package.
Work with social development agencies to carry out surveys with community groups and households for which
shelter needs to be provided.
Establish footprints of dwellings and other typical and key buildings; draw up local area layouts and site planning
in consultation with communities and local authorities. Ensure overall appropriateness to local culture
Design and layout of transitional shelter. Ensure such shelter is appropriate to social and religious custom.
B.
Volunteer architects to train other volunteers and manage design and planning process. Volunteers also required
to be trained for building and construction.
Project management focusing on design and provision of transitional shelter.
Monitor and plan spending on building and construction.
Design and planning of landscape elements.
Work with households and communities to ensure that housing is allocated according to needs and preferences
appropriately.
Advise on building related regulations.
Design and building technology for dwellings including covered, open and semi-open spaces and vegetation. Avoid
design faults that will require costly and frequent maintenance and repair.
Supervision and advice as the buildings are constructed.
Develop interface between infrastructure and buildings/boundaries.
Provide training in construction, retrofitting and maintenance of dwellings, non-dwellings.
Oversee the delivery of dwellings/ community facilities with the assistance of community groups and the delivery
of facilities such as hospitals with specific clients.
Identify the contribution communities are making to dwellings and non dwellings and feed that into cost model.
Review and revisit dwellings and non dwellings, observing the way people are changing their life-style and habits
in relation to the use of buildings. Ensure safe and sustainable adaptations.
Undertake life cycle studies of reconstruction projects and plan for their eventual replacement; work with existing
communities to design new developments that reduce their vulnerability to hazards.
Advice on reducing operational and management costs.
Identify regular housekeeping and maintenance procedures to avoid major repair.
Provide training in building design, construction and extensions for professionals as well as communities.