Task Risk Assessment

Refresher Training
Sangachal Terminal
Sangachal Terminal Competency

• Training alone does not ensure Competency

• In order to comply with BP Group Standards, Sangachal Terminal

adopts a strict authorisation process to ensure competency
assurance

• All persons must be trained, tested, assessed and authorised prior

to adopting their respective roles

The process above is explained in :

SANG-COW-PRC-002 - Sangachal SSOW Competency.

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Training Objectives

• To understand the legal requirements relating to risk

• BP Golden rule relating to risk assessments
• To understand the Principles of Task risk assessment (TRA)
• To understand the objectives of Task risk assessment
• Know the different levels of TRA and how to apply these
• To understand the Hierarchy of control
• To understand the principle of Risk ranking
• Know the site specific procedures relating to TRA

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Risk Assessment

• The principle requirement under current legislation is for the

employer to assess all risks to health and safety for his employees,
plus those to any third parties, caused by their work activities

• The employer must also provide suitable risk control measures and
monitor performance

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BP Golden rules

When do we risk assess ?

BP Golden Rules require that:

“Work will not be conducted without a pre-job risk assessment and a

safety discussion appropriate to the level of risk”

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Risk Assessment

Every activity in life has some form of risk associated with it !

• Crossing the road

• Driving

• Air travel

• Sport

• Work at height

• Work in a confined space

Some have far more risks than others !!!!!

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Hazards, Risks & Controls

Why are you prepared to undertake the activity ?

Because you believe either :-
The EFFECT of the hazard is minimal
or
The LIKELIHOOD of the hazard effect being realised is remote

So as a result:-
The RISK is acceptable

This is the basis of every risk assessment

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Definitions

• The importance of effective hazard identification should never be

underestimated
• It forms the first vital step in the process of risk management
• In order to identify hazards one must be able to recognise what a
hazard is
A hazard is defined as
“A source of potential harm”

Recognising hazards can be difficult as people’s perception of what is

potentially harmful may vary

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Definitions

What is risk ?

“The likelihood that an identified consequence will happen”

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Risk Assessment

Risks arise from:

• the interaction of people and equipment
• the interaction of people and materials
• the interaction of people and the work environment

Risks can be described as follows:

• Task Related (caused by the action of people in the workplace)

• Process Related (arising from the process being carried out, the
properties of the substance and materials involved and the
process conditions that may exist at the time)

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 Risk Assessment

The objective of risk assessment is to develop an understanding of the

hazard and it’s associated risk

Risk assessment can be defined as analysing a hazard to:-

• Identify factors influencing the risk and the range of potential

consequences

• Evaluate the effectiveness of existing controls

• Estimate the likelihood of the consequences, considering exposure

and hazard level

Then combining these in a way so as to obtain a level of risk and to

prioritise the risk for action

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 Level 1 Risk Assessment

A Level 1 Risk Assessment Process will involve:-

• The Performing Authority & Area Authority identifying hazards

associated with the task.
• The identification of control measures as required precautions.
• These hazards and controls then being recorded in section 2 of the
permit to work certificate.

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Hazards, Risks & Controls

The thought process is the same for all activities

Section 2 of all permits contain a tick box of common hazards, the
applicant and Area Authority must discuss the task and identify
hazards

For every HAZARD identified, there must be some form of CONTROL

measure to reduce the RISK

The Hazard & Control section is the most vital section of the PTW
system and MUST be studied & completed with great care

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 Level 1 TRA

AA must ensure that all hazards and control measures have been identified

A site inspection by PA and AA is mandatory prior to the issue of any permit

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Level 2 Risk Assessment

Is an assessment, which is required only when it is judged that

there are greater hazards or complexities associated with the task
than are covered by a Level 1 Assessment, and which require a more
rigorous level of assessment

This level of assessment is carried out by a team ( 3 Minimum)

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Level 2 Risk Assessment

A Level 2 Assessment must be carried out, if at any stage in the

process, the PA, AA, management or personnel involved with the task,
believe that a significant risk exists which will not be adequately
controlled without a more rigorous assessment and the application of
additional controls

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 Level 2 Risk Assessment

The decision on whether a Level 2 Risk Assessment is required for a

task is subjective and will depend on the people involved, but the
following criteria should be applied to ensure consistency throughout the
organisation:

• When a task is new and/or unfamiliar

• It is physically impossible to comply fully with the standards in a

relevant local procedure, HSE practice or other recognised source of
guidance

• Previously used controls may not be reasonably practicable

• The task is complex and/or has potential impact on other activities

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 Mandatory Level 2 Risk Assessments
Confined Space Entry Heavy Lifts (Load is classified as heavy when
specified by Site Lifting Coordinator (Ross Fowler)
Work on flare systems Diving Operations

Plugging/sealing Simultaneous Operations (SIMOPs)

Hot / Odd Bolting Use of Explosives

Working with asbestos Lifts over live process pipelines or process plant

Working at Heights without scaffold or structure Tasks involving Ground Disturbance. Manual and
mechanical excavations below 1.2m
When minimum standards of Energy Isolation cannot be achieved Where there is a significant potential for injury to people outside the
site boundary

Unconventional access (e.g., abseiling, crane basket) Hot work within 15m radius of hydrocarbons

Proof Tests (initial hydro test where no design pressure exists) When the approved procedures cannot be followed.

Pneumatic test (as alternative to hydro test, up to 110% of design Task that may have specific hazards associated with Energy
pressure), including leak testing of gas lines with N2. Isolation.

Non-routine venting/draining/cleaning of equipment containing Tasks which are judged to be unusually complex (e.g., due to the
hazardous chemicals number of steps or interfaces)

Tasks which are unfamiliar, or which involve unfamiliar methods or Any activity involving potential exposure to H 2S
technologies
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 Advisory Level 2 Risk Assessment

Where multiple protective devices Manual and mechanical

are removed or inhibited from a excavations less than 1.2m deep
system

New activities being carried out

for the first time and/or involving
personnel or vendors new to the
site / installation

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 Aims of Level 2 Risk Assessments

• Assemble persons with an intimate knowledge and expertise of the

task

• Examine all hazards associated with the task in a structured manner

• Devise a set of controls which will ensure that an acceptable level of

risk is achieved

• It should also be noted that where necessary, expertise from

elsewhere (e.g. specialist vendors) might also be brought in to the
assessment process

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 Types of Level 2 TRA (ORA)

Operational Risk Assessments (ORAs) are associated with a piece of

equipment or plant as opposed to being associated with a specific task
Examples of ORA are:
• Operating a compressor with some instrumentation out of service (e.g.
vibration probe), where some additional controls or monitoring is required
to allow continued operation of the compressor
• Reduction of deluge cover in an area of the Installation where some
additional controls/restrictions on work would be applied to that particular
area of the plant
• Problem with a lifeboat where some alternative evacuation arrangements
are in place

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Types of Level 2 TRA (SARA)

Stand-Alone Risk Assessment (SARA’s) are not task-related

but once again require that a Level 2 Risk Assessment be
conducted.

It could for example involve performing a risk assessment

associated with a change in organisation or responsibilities.

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 Types of Level 2 TRA (IRA)

Isolation Risk Assessment (IRA)

When an Energy Isolation-Process does not meet the standard as
stipulated in Energy Isolation procedure; AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-
00049-2, a L2RA is required. The risk assessment should only be
on the isolation element of the task, and not the work task element.

Examples of when an Isolation Risk Assessment (IRA) is required :

• Sufficient number of valves are not available to achieve the level of

isolation required

• There is an integrity issue (e.g. leaking) of part of an isolation

• An alternative means of isolation must be resourced, i.e. stopple bag, ice-

plug

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Hierarchy of Control

To be applied in this order:-

1. Elimination
2. Substitution
3. Redesign
4. Isolation
5. Administrative
6. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

PPE – The last resort

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Hierarchy of Control

Elimination
• Use of mechanical device instead of manual handling
• Maximum stacking height
• Unauthorised personnel
• Prohibit smoking, jewellery, mobile phones

Substitution
• Solvent-based paint with water-based paint
• Dusty powders with pastilles or pellets
• Electric hand tools with compressed air
• Reduction in size or weight of item

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Hierarchy of Control

Redesign
• Local exhaust ventilation for Welding & soldering
• Mechanical or electrical isolations
• Lighting
• Enclosure, e.g. Noise enclosures for turbines or pumps

Isolation
• Barrier or guard
• Separate storage areas
• Physical isolations (spade, lock-off)
• Access controls

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Hierarchy of Control

Administrative
• Work carried out at low activity periods
• Dispense dilute chemical
• Increase airflow through work area
• Automated feed process instead of manual
• Job or shift rotation & Breaks

Personal Protective Equipment

• Eye/Face protection
• Boots
• Respiratory protective equipment
• Chemical suits or gauntlets
• Safety harness or inertia reel
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 Risk Ranking
Personal Property Environmental Effect
Injury Damage Damage Rating
PROBABILITY RATING

Fatality Major Loss Total Loss of A

>$5M Containment

Likely Significant Significant Loss of B Event likely to occur more than

HIGH
Permanent Damage Containment. once per quarter
(H)
Disability Loss $500k 100bbl, Limited (FREQUENTLY)
to $5M ability to control

Hospital Moderate Significant Loss of C

Stay Damage Containment Event likely to occur at least
Loss $100k > 100bbl only once per year, but less than a MEDIUM
to $500k Workplace affected
quarter (M)
(PROBABLE)
DAFWC / Minor Loss Minor Loss of D
Restricted $10k to Containment
Work Case / $100k < 100bbl only
Medical Workplace affected
Treatment Event likely to occur less than
LOW
once per year
(L)
Simple First Loss <$10k Slight Loss of E (OCCASIONAL)
Aid Injury Containment < 1bbl

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Risk ranking

HAZARD EFFECT

PROBABILITY A B C D E

H 15 14 13 9 4

M 12 11 10 5 3

L 8 7 6 2 1

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 Risk Ranking

SCORE ACTION REQUIRED

13 to 15 Immediate action
Task must not proceed
Serious loss potential
Task may proceed only with additional controls in place to avoid serious
loss
9 to 12 Plan controls to reduce the risk further
Assess the priority and agree implementation targets
6 to 8 Monitor procedures and controls to ensure the risk is maintained as low as
reasonably practical
Take immediate action if standards are not met. Ensure additional controls
are implemented
2 to 5 Implement control measures to reduce the risk to the lowest level
reasonably practicable
1 Prepare a plan to reduce the risk to the lowest level reasonably practicable

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Further Reading

Task Risk Assessment (TRA)

AZSPU-HSSE-DOC-00063-2
This explains the different categories of Risk Assessment and
how each are applied.

The use of TRA within Sangachal Terminal PTW system.

SANG-OPS-INS-035
This explains how TRA2 are recorded & administered within the
PTW system at Sangachal terminal.

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TRA 2 Exercise

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TRA 2 Exercise

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TRA 2 Exercise

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