ELECTRONIC

EYE
PRESENTED BY,
VIJEESH I V
S7 ECE
ROLL NO:60
 CONTENTS

ØINTRODUCTION
ØHUMAN EYE
ØARTIFICIAL HUMAN EYE
INTRODUCTION
• Five sensory organs
• Blindness
• caused by cataract malnutrition and infection
• Some times it may be inherited.
• Blindness and low vision destroy our
tissues in retina and visual cortex.
• The disease known as “Retinal Dystrophies”
and leads to ‘Retinities pigmentosa’
• Researchers developing an artificial
retina.
HUMAN EYE
Vision Rehabilitation
 Enhanced Vision .
 Prosthetic Vision .
 Artificial Eye
ONGOING RESEARCH
 Virtual reality helmets and on the image
Processing Technology by NASA
 Wilmer Eye Institute in Baltimore,proposed
a head mounted video system for low
vision patients.
 The first production model was completed
at 1994.
 A Golden Valley Company founded
specifically to manufacture and market
the enhancement system.
•
 ARTIFICIAL SILICON RETINA
(ASR)
ØARTIFICIAL SILICON RETINA MICROCHIP
ØEXTERNAL WIRES & BATTERIES ARE NOT
REQUIRED
ØDETECTOR ELEMENT, FIBRE OPTIC
ELEMENT, COUPLER
ØARRAY OF ARTIFICIAL RETINAS
ARTIFICIAL RETINA
ASR IMPLANTED IN SUB RETINAL SPACE
ASR IN HUMAN EYE
 RETINAL STIMULATION
STIMULATION OF THE RETINA FOR
ARTIFICIAL VISION
Ø
TWO TYPES:
ØSUB RETINAL STIMULATION
ØEPIRETINAL STIMULATION
SUB RETINAL
STIMULATION
• A sheet containing a microphotodiode array is
inserted into the subretinal space
• Compensate for lost photoreceptor function
• Stimulate the outer retinal network.
 EPIRETINAL STIMULATION
•
• Retinal ganglion cells and their axons are
stimulated with a multielectrode array
• Array attached to the vitreous side of the
retina.

MAIN PARTS OF ELECTRONIC EYE

1.MAIN IMAGING CAMERA

2.PUPIL TRACKING CAMERA
3.INFRARED LASER
4.MIRRORS- HOT MIRROR & GIMBALLED
MIRROR
5.NUEROMORPHIC VISION CHIP
6.ELECTRODE ARRAY
Main Imaging Camera

 Amplitude of electrical signal

varies in accordance with
variation of brightness.
 Electronic eye captures the image of
the outside world
 The information transmitted through
an optical fiber to a signal-
processing computer.


Pupil Tracking Camera

•When the eyes of a normally sighted

person move, the image on the retina
undergoes a translation.
•Camera built into the eyeball

•
Infrared Laser

 Used to transfer IR data and power from

the camera.
 The IR beam sends the power
 Image is pulse or amplitude modulated
 A pupil-tracking camera senses the eyes
position from its reflection in the
hot mirror
 It drives the gimbaled mirror to
deflect the infrared beam onto the
electrodes array.
 The same drive signal also aligns the
image camera with the eye position.
•
Neuromorphic Vision Chip.

•The retina’s molecular engg. is mimicked in silicon

chip
•A deme-sized chip adapts in milliseconds to vast

changes in illumination.
•This chip provide input to electrode array which is

used for simulation.

•
Electrode Array

•“Microelectronic array” is used

•Very small in size it is commonly used

as internal electrodes.
•This is commonly a stainless steel

type wire.
•The electrodes are fixed in eye or

brain to stimulate surviving neuron

to elicit perception of light.
 WORKING

•Power and image data supplied by IR laser beam

•A pupil-tracking camera senses the eye position

from its reflection in the net mirror

•Then drives the gimbaled mirror to deflect the

IR beam onto the electrode supply.

•The same signal also aligns the image camera

with eye position.

•The image captured by the camera must reach the

brain either directly or through optic nerve.

•
 ADVANTAGES

ØIMAGE CONTROL FUNCTION

ØIMAGE STABILIZATION
ØPICTURE-IN-PICTURE CAPABILITY
 CONCLUSION

In future we can expect that the specs, which is more difficult to

wear, will be eliminated or replaced by contact lenses. The publicity
about camera fitted specs will increase rapidly. The digital cameras
are another possibility, which we can fix inside the eye. Also we can
expect the birth and develop publicity about ‘sonar specs’, which is a
special type of specs, which pick up the signals or waves from the
objects and then transmit these signals into the brain.
REFERENCES
THANK YOU
QUERIES??