Chapter 0

Basic Requirements
• Content
Material Science and Engineering
A Historical Perspective
Classification, Properties and Selection
Standards
 §0.1Material Science and
Engineering
Material Engineering
Material science examines whys and hows of materials, making it possible to
advance the development of new materials.

All various building substances or their products utilized in civil engineering are
called civil engineering materials.
 §0.2 A Historical perspective
Critical position in civil engineering
The substantial civilized degree of the society
The function of structure and construction
Engineering quality
The substance base of civil engineering
A key part in promoting new design,new
technology and new construction method.

Pumping Prestressed
conctere concrete
beam
 §0.2 A Historical perspective
Historical progress
The stone age:
Natural soil,stone and wood

Man-made brike,tile,china ,for

buildings and defensive works

The Bronze age and the iron age: smelt native metal ore

In 70s of the 17th century: cast iron

At the beginning of the 19th century: wrought ion,

Steel structural embryonic form in bridges and buildings

In the middle of the 19th century: structural steel

Large-sized steel structurals
 §0.2 A Historical perspective
Historical progress
In the 20s of the 19th century:
Portland cement

Concrete

Reinforced Concrete

In 30s of the 20th century:

Prestressed concrete
 §0.2 A Historical perspective
Future tendency
 High performance: high strength, light weight, e.g. high
performance concrete, modified asphalt, etc.;
 Long service life: excellent durability;
 Multi-functional:, composite materials, e.g. some new wall board
materials as plywood;
 Product forms: prefabrication, structural member, large
dimensions
 Safety: such as fire resistance materials, radiation shield concrete
 Environmentally friendly: low pollution waste, low energy
consumption, be economical or recyclable, such as fly ash concrete,
recyclable concrete, etc.
 Manufacture technology: advanced technologies of low energy
consumption and low pollution
§0.3 Classification, properties and selection
Classification

Material source; natural materials : such as stone, river sand wood

Manufactured materials such as cement, concrete, glass
waste materials
Chemical components: inorganic materials(metal and nonmetal mat
erials), organic materials(plastic and wood) and composite materials
functions:, load-bearing materials, enclosing materials, decorative m
atirals, repair materials, etc.
Location: structural materials,roof materials, paving materials, wall
materials, ceiling materials, masonry materials and other types

(glass reinforced concrete and asphalt mixtur

es).
§0.3 Classification, properties and selection
Properties
Materials for engineering applications are selected so as to perform satisfac
torily during service. The common properties of engineering materials are
grouped under four major headings.
Physical properties; those derived from the properties of matter or attribu
ted to the physical structure.
Mechanical properties: the resistance of a material to applied load or forc
e. Conclude strength and deformation capacity. In addition
Chemical properties: those pertaining to the composition and potential r
eaction of a material.
Work properties: liable to be processed and constructed of a material acc
ording to certain operating instructions （ fluidity of fresh concrete and wel
dability of steel ）
§0.3 Classification, properties and selection
Selection
Available materials: material A,B,C,D……

Select a material for consideration

No
Does the material satisfy strength requirements
No
Does the material satisfy serviceability requirements
No
Are the aesthetic qualities of the material acceptable
No
Does the material satisfy cost constraints
Yes
Does the use of the material pose environmental problems

Select the material

 §0.4 standards
GB-Chinese National Standards
JC-Standards of Department of Building Materials in
China
JGJ-Standards of Ministry of Construction in China
ISO-International Organization for Standardization
ASTM-American Society for Testing and materials
ACI-American Concrete Institute
JIS-Japanese Industrial Standards
DIN-Industrial Standards in Germany
BS-British Standards