IDENTIFYING AND

STATING THE PROBLEM

• SELECTED GUIDELINES IN THE
FORMULATION OF A RESEARCH TITLE
• CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD TITLE
 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

• THIS IS THE BASIC DIFFICULTY, THE ISSUE, THE

AREA OF CONCERN OF THE STUDY BEING
CONDUCTED.
 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

• THE STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM HAS TWO

MAIN ELEMENTS:
1. THE OBJECTIVE OR PURPOSE OF THE STUDY;
AND
2. RESEARCH QUESTIONS
 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

1. THE OBJECTIVE OR PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

- THIS IS THE FIRST PART OF THE PROBLEM
WHERE THE RESEARCHER STATES THE OBJECTIVE.
- THIS IS A STATEMENT OF A LONG-TERM
OBJECTIVE EXPECTED TO BE ACHIEVED BY THE
STUDY.
 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
1. THE OBJECTIVE OR PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
- THIS IS DERIVED BY THE IDENTIFICATION AND
CRYSTALLIZATION OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM
AND AS REFLECTED IN THE TITLE.
- IT IS PREFIXED BY THESE INTRODUCTORY
PHRASES:
EXAMPLE: “THE MAIN OBJECTIVE OF THIS
STUDY IS TO….”
 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
2. RESEARCH QUESTIONS OR INVESTIGATIVE
PROBLEMS
- THE SPECIFIC QUESTIONS WHICH ARE TO BE
ANSWERED IN THE STUDY.
- ALL ARE IN QUESTION FORM
- THE ANSWERS TO THE RESEARCH QUESTIONS
SHOULD LEAD TO THE SOLUTION OF THE
RESEARCH PROBLEM.
 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
2. RESEARCH QUESTIONS OR INVESTIGATIVE
PROBLEMS
- IS THE OBJECTIVE OR PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
OBSERVABLE, MEASURABLE OR VERIFIABLE?
- FOCUS ON A CLEAR GOAL OR OBJECTIVE.
- STATE THE PRECISE GOAL.
- THE PROBLEM SHOULD BE LIMITED ENOUGH IN
MAKING A DEFINITE CONCLUSION POSSIBLE.
 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

2. RESEARCH QUESTIONS OR INVESTIGATIVE

PROBLEMS
a. THE MAJOR STATEMENT OR OBJECTIVE MAY BE
FOLLOWED BY MINOR STATEMENTS OR
QUESTIONS. THE INTRODUCTORY STATEMENT
MUST BE THE PURPOSE/AIM OR THE OBJECTIVE
OF THE STUDY.
 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
2. RESEARCH QUESTIONS OR INVESTIGATIVE
PROBLEMS
EXAMPLE:
“ SPECIFICALLY, THE STUDY AIMS TO DETERMINE
THE CAUSES OF LOW PERFORMANCE OF THE
SELECTED PROGRAMS IN THE BOARD
EXAMINATIONS. FURTHER, IT SEEKS TO ANSWER TO
THE FOLLOWING SUB-PROBLEMS: 1……2……3……
ETC.”
 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

2. RESEARCH QUESTIONS OR INVESTIGATIVE

PROBLEMS
c. INVESTIGATIVE QUESTIONS ARE THE SPECIFIC
TOPICAL QUESTIONS THAT ONE MUST RESOLVE
TO ACHIEVE RESEARCH OBJECTIVE OR TEST
THE RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS.
 SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE
STUDY
• THE SCOPE DESCRIBES THE COVERAGE OF THE
STUDY.
• IT SPECIFIES WHAT IS COVERED IN TERMS OF
CONCEPT, NUMBER OF SUBJECTS OR THE
POPULATION INCLUDED IN THE STUDY, AS
WELL AS THE TIMELINE WHEN THE STUDY WAS
CONDUCTED.
 SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE
STUDY
• DELIMIT BY CITING FACTORS OR VARIABLES
THAT ARE NOT TO BE INCLUDED AND THE
BOUNDARY IN TERMS OF TIME FRAME,
NUMBER OF SUBJECTS, PARTICIPANTS OR
RESPONDENTS WHO ARE EXCLUDED.
• SPECIFY THAT WHICH YOU WILL NOT DEAL
WITHIN THE STUDY.
 SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE
STUDY
• DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY IS THE DESCRIPTION
OF THE SCOPE OF THE STUDY.
• IT WILL EXPLAIN WHY DEFINITE ASPECTS OF A SUBJECT
WERE CHOSEN AND WHY OTHERS WERE EXCLUDED.
• IT ALSO MENTIONS THE RESEARCH METHOD USED AS
WELL AS THE CERTAIN THEORIES THAT APPLIED TO THE
DATA.
• THIS SECTION DISCUSSES THE PARAMETERS OF THE
RESEARCH IN PARAGRAPH.
 SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE
STUDY
• IT ANSWERS THE BASIC QUESTIONS:
a. WHAT- THE TOPIC OF INVESTIGATION AND
VARIABLES INCLUDED
b. WHERE- THE VENUE OR THE SETTING OF THE
RESEARCH
c. WHEN- THE TIME FRAME BY WHICH THE
STUDY WAS CONDUCTED
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE
STUDY
d. WHY- THE GENERAL OBJECTIVES OF THE
RESEARCH
e. WHO- THE SUBJECT OF THE STUDY, THE
POPULATION AND SAMPLING
f. HOW- THE METHODOLOGY OF THE
RESEARCH WHICH MAY INCLUDE THE
RESEARCH DESIGN, METHODOLOGY AND THE
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT.
 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
• THE RESEARCHER DEFINES WHO WILL BENEFIT OUT OF THE FINDINGS
OF THE STUDY.
• HE/SHE DESCRIBES HOW THE PROBLEM WILL BE SOLVED AND
SPECIFICALLY PINPOINTS WHO WILL BENEFIT FROM SUCH FINDINGS OR
RESULTS.
• USUALLY THE BENEFICIARIES OF THE STUDY ARE:
• THOSE EXPERTS CONCERNED ABOUT THE PROBLEM;
• THE ADMINISTRATORS OR POLICY-MAKERS WHO MAKE THE DECISIONS OR
IMPLEMENT PROGRAMS;
• THE SUBJECT THEMSELVES;
• FUTURE RESEARCHERS; AND
• THOSE WHO ARE DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY AFFECTED BY THE PROBLEM.
 SIGNIFICANCE
• USUALLY OF THE
THE BENEFICIARIES STUDY
OF THE STUDY
ARE:
a. THOSE EXPERTS CONCERNED ABOUT THE
PROBLEM;
b. THE ADMINISTRATORS OR POLICY-MAKERS
WHO MAKE THE DECISIONS OR IMPLEMENT
PROGRAMS;
c. THE SUBJECT THEMSELVES;
d. FUTURE RESEARCHERS; AND
 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

• ONE MAY ALSO LOOK INTO ANY

CONTRIBUTION OF THE STUDY TO THE FIELD
OF SPECIALIZATION OR DISCIPLINE, ANY
ADVANCEMENT OR NEW KNOWLEDGE THAT
THE STUDY CONTRIBUTES TO THE SCIENCE OR
THE STATE-OF-THE-ART.
 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

• IN THIS PORTION OF THE STUDY, THE

RESEARCHER MAY ALSO STATE THE SPECIFIC
SECTOR WHO WILL BENEFIT FROM THE STUDY.
• THIS PART JUSTIFIES THE RATIONALE OF THE
UNDERTAKING.
 TIPS IN WRITING THE
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
1. REFER TO THE STATEMENT OF THE
PROBLEM.
- YOUR PROBLEM STATEMENT CAN GUIDE YOU
IN IDENTIFYING THE SPECIFIC CONTRIBUTION OF
YOUR STUDY.
- YOU CAN DO THIS BY OBSERVING A ONE-TO-
ONE CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN THE
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM AND SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY.
 TIPS IN WRITING THE
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
2. WRITE FROM GENERAL TO SPECIFIC.
- WRITE THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY BY
LOOKING INTO THE GENERAL CONTRIBUTION OF
YOUR STUDY, SUCH AS THE IMPORTANCE TO
SOCIETY AS A WHOLE, THEN TO INDIVIDUALS
WHICH MAY INCLUDE YOURSELF AS A
RESEARCHER.