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Part I
CCNA2-1 Chapter 9-1
EIGRP
Introduction to EIGRP
Data Link
Data FCS
Frame Header
EIGRP
IP Packet Type/Length/Values
Packet
Header (TLV)
Header
• Unlike a RIP broadcast, EIGRP multicasts its frames using a specific multicast
address. Only those hosts on the network (other routers) listening on that address
will accept the frame.
• IP Packet Header:
• Source IP Address:
• The IP Address of the sending interface.
• Destination IP Address:
• The multicast address 224.0.0.10.
• Protocol Field:
• 88 for EIGRP.
• Hold Time:
• The amount of time that the EIGRP router receiving this
message should wait in between messages.
• If this timer expires before another EIGRP message is
received, the receiving router will consider the sending
router to be down.
• Prefix Length:
• Essentially, the subnet mask.
• Subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 has a prefix length of 24.
• Destination:
• The destination network.
• Because the minimum length of this field is 24 bits, the
remainder of the field is padded with 0s.
• If a network address is longer than 24 bits
(192.168.1.32/27), the field is extended for another 32 bits
and the unused bits are padded with 0s.
CCNA2-19 Chapter 9-1
EIGRP Message Format
• Note on MTU:
• Some EIGRP literature might incorrectly state that the
maximum transmission unit (MTU) is one of the metrics
used by EIGRP.
• While it is included in the routing update, the MTU is not
part of the metric used by EIGRP.
CCNA2-21 Chapter 9-1
Protocol-Dependant Modules
• Neighbor Table:
• Lists all adjacent or neighbour routers.
• Topology Table:
• Includes route entries for all destinations that the router
has learned.
• Routing Table:
• EIGRP chooses the best routes to a destination from the
topology table and places these routes in the routing
table.
• Neighbor Table:
• When newly discovered neighbours are learned, the
address and interface of the neighbour is recorded.
• When a neighbour sends a hello packet, it advertises a
hold time.
• When the hold time expires, the link is considered
unavailable and the new topology must be recalculated.
• Topology Table:
• The topology table is made up of all the EIGRP routing
tables in the autonomous system.
• DUAL uses the information in the neighbour and topology
tables to calculate the lowest cost routes to each
destination.
• All learned routes to a destination are maintained in the
topology table.
• Partial:
• The update only includes information about the route
changes instead of sending the entire contents of the
routing table.
CCNA2-32 Chapter 9-1
EIGRP Bounded Updates
• Bounded:
• Refers to the propagation of partial updates sent only to
those routers that are affected by the change.
A network or group
of networks
identified and
administered as a
single entity.
CCNA2-38 Chapter 9-1
Autonomous System
• An autonomous system
is a collection of
networks under the
administrative control of
a single entity that
presents a common
routing policy to the
Internet.
• Autonomous system numbers are assigned by the Internet
Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA).
• Who needs an Autonomous System number?
• Internet Service Providers (ISPs), Internet Backbone
Providers, and large institutions connecting to other entities
that also have an autonomous system number..
CCNA2-39 Chapter 9-1
Process ID
• Some Cisco IOS software versions also let you enter the
subnet mask.
• However, Cisco IOS software then converts the command to
the wildcard mask format.
• Troubleshooting:
• If a neighbor is not listed
after adjacencies have
been established with a
router’s neighbors,
check that the local
interface is activated using the show ip interface
brief command.
• If the interface is active, ping the IP address of the
neighbor.
• If the ping fails, it means that the neighbor interface is
down and needs to be activated.
• Troubleshooting:
• If the ping is successful
and EIGRP still does not
see the router as a
neighbor, examine the
following configurations:
• Are both routers configured with the same EIGRP
process ID?
• Is the directly connected network included in the
EIGRP network statements?
• Is the passive-interface command
inappropriately configured, thus preventing EIGRP
hello packets on the interface?
CCNA2-53 Chapter 9-1
Verifying EIGRP