CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

3 principal functions of C.S.

• Transportation – nutrients and oxygen

• Regulation – transport of regulatory
hormones
• Protection – blood clotting and immune
defense
• For Cnidarians, Flatworms/ Planarians
which have two layers of body wall, have
direct contact with the external
environment that transport can occur by
diffusion.
Types of Circulatory Systems
• Open Circulatory System
– exhibited by mollusks and arthropods
– no distinction between the circulating fluid
(blood) and extracellular fluid (interstitial
fluid/lymph): HEMOLYMPH
– heart is a muscular tube which pumps
hemolymph through a network of channels
and cavities in the body
– fluid drains back to the central cavity
 Types of Circulatory Systems
• Closed Circulatory System
– exhibited by annelids (invertebrates) and all
vertebrates
– circulating fluid (blood) is enclosed in blood
vessels
 Closed Circulatory System
• Earthworm
– dorsal vessel contracts to function as pump
– blood is pumped through 5 small connecting
arteries which function as pumps to a ventral
vessel (transport posteriorly until it re-enters
dorsal vessel
 Closed Circulatory System
• Fishes
– have true chamber-pump heart
– sinus venosus and atrium (collection
chambers)
– ventricle and conus arteriosus(pumping
chambers)
 Closed Circulatory System
• Amphibian and Reptile Circulation
• Pulmonary Circulation
– heart to lungs, then back to heart
– pulmonary artery-lungs-pulmonary vein-heart
• Systemic Circulation
– heart to body organs, then back to heart