„ Characteristics of stressful events

„ Psychological reactions to stress

„ Coping skills
„ Managing stress

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„ © periencing events that are perceived as
endangering one¶s physical or
psychological well being
„ ©vents-stressors
„ Stress responses- people¶s reaction to
stress

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„ 3raumatic events
„ Controllability
„ Predictability
„ Major changes in life circumstance
„ Internal conflicts






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„ Independence versus dependence
„ Intimacy versus isolation
„ Co-operation versus competition
„ © pression of impulses versus moral
standards
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„  An iety
„ P3SD (Post 3raumatic Stress Disorder)
„ Deep detachment from everyday life
„ Repeated reliving of the incident
„ Sleeplessness
„ Survivor guilt
„ 0 anger and aggression
„ Frustration-aggression
„ Direct aggression
„ displacement
„ ] Apathy and depression
„ Withdrawal
„ Learned helplessness (Seligman)
„ 3he dog e periment
„ 6 cognitive impairment
„ Difficult to concentrate
„ Organize information
„ Occurs also due to distractive thoughts
„ Upsets behavior
„ 3he fight or the flight response
„ Sympathetic nervous system
„ Hypothalamus
„ Adrenocorticotropic hormone

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„ Coronary heart disease
„ Immune system
„ Health related behaviors
„ Psychoanalytic theory-unconscious
conflicts
„ Behavioral theory-classical conditioning
„ Cognitive theory-attributional style
„ Hardiness-resistant to stress, personality
difference
„ Finding meaning in a trauma
„ 3he type A pattern

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„ 3hinking of doing two things at a time
„ Scheduling more and more activities into less and
less time
„ Failing to notice the environment or things of beauty
„ Hurrying the speech of others
„ Becoming unduly irritated when forced to wait
„ Gesticulating when you talk
„ © plosive speech patterns
„ Having difficulty sitting and doing nothing
„ Playing nearly every game to win
„ Lip licking, head nodding, fist clenching, table
pounding
„ Rapid blinking, tic-like eyebrow

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„ Coping-process by which a person
attempts to manage stressful demands
„ Problem focused
„ ©motion focused

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„ Define the problem
„ Generate alternative solutions
„ Weigh the costs and benefits
„ Choose from the alternatives
„ Can be directed inwards also
„ Changing the goals
„ Finding some other means of gratification
„ Learn new skills

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„ Repressing affects health
„ Repression leads to increased
physiological responses
„ 3alking helps in positive effects on health

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„ Behavioral techniques
„ Cognitive techniques
„ Modifying type A behavior

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„ Biofeedback
„ Rela ation training
„ meditation

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„ Cognitive behavior therapy
„ Record the occurrence of the event
„ Monitor the responses
„ Identify the thoughts or beliefs that
e plain the stressor
„ Change the thinking

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„ Combination of cognitive and behavioral
techniques
„ Practice
„ Helping them to e press appropriately

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3hat¶s all for today Be stress free