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 A paragraph is a collection of related
sentences dealing with a single topic.
Learning to write good paragraphs
will help you as a writer stay on track
during your drafting and revision
stages. You can have fantastic ideas,
but if those ideas aren't presented in
an organized fashion, you will lose
your readers (and fail to achieve your
goals in writing).
The Basic Rule: Keep One
Idea to One Paragraph
 The basic rule of thumb with paragraphing is
to keep one idea to one paragraph. If you
begin to transition into a new idea, it belongs
in a new paragraph. You can have one idea
and several bits of supporting evidence within
a single paragraph. You can also have
several points in a single paragraph as long
as they relate to the overall topic of the
paragraph. If the single points start to get
long, then perhaps elaborating on each of
them and placing them in their own
paragraphs is the route to go.
 Paragraph unity is perhaps the most
important principle for good
paragraphs. A reader quickly loses
direction and ends up frustrated when
confronted with paragraphs having
multiple aims. A unified paragraph leaves
a reader feeling secure that the writer is
in control of her argument and able to
lead the reader toward a clear and
satisfying conclusion.
 Revising for unity:
supporting sentences
 Consider the following poorly unified paragraph:
Horror films are most popular with teens. When a new horror film comes out,
the theater seats are filled with teens. Adults don't seem to be interested in
two
hours of edge-of-your-seat fear and anxiety, but teens sure are. I think the
popularity of these films with teens is due to teenagers' desires to test their
limits in
the real world, to see how far they can go before they get scared and prefer
the
safety of home, and mom and dad. Horror films allow teens to test their limits
in the
safety of the movie theater, where they can put themselves in the position of
the
teenagers in the film without any real danger to themselves. Last week, I went
to
see the sci-fi/horror film Alien, and got so scared anticipating the alien's attack
on
 The paragraph starts out pretty well. The controlling idea

appears in the first sentence, and the sentences that follow

develop the controlling idea in greater detail until the sentence

that begins "Last week, I went to see the sci-fi/horror film Alien. . .

" This sentence begins a discussion of degrees of fear that teens

feel at horror films, not why horror films are most popular with

teens, which is the controlling idea of the paragraph. Given this

controlling idea, the author is limited to a discussion of why horror

films would be more interesting to teens than to others. To make

the paragraph unified, the author would need to rewrite this

sentence so that it more directly supports the main idea or

remove the sentence altogether.

A good paragraph has oneness of aim in all of its parts. Take a look at
the revision of the previous paragraph:
Horror films are most popular with teens. When a new horror film
comes out, the theater seats are filled with teens. These films
are far
too scary for young children who have a tough time separating
fiction
and reality, and adults don't seem to be interested in two hours of
popularity of these filmsfear
edge-of-your-seat withand
teens is due
anxiety, toteens
but teenagers' desires
sure are. to test
I thinkThe
their limits in the real world, to see how far they can go before they
get
scared and prefer the safety of home, and mom and dad. Horror films
allow teens to test their limits in the safety of the movie theater, where
they can put themselves in the position of the teenagers in the film
without any real danger to themselves. Horror films, with a few
exceptions, are just right for teens.
Coherence is the trait that makes the paragraph
easily understandable to a reader. You can help
create coherence in your paragraphs by
creating
logical bridges and verbal bridges. It is very
important to arrange and link the sentences
between the paragraphs to be able to make the
readers follow the thought or the idea that want
to be implied.
Logical bridges
 The same idea of a topic is carried over
from sentence to sentence.
 Successive sentences can be constructed
in parallel form

Verbal bridges
 Key words can be repeated in several sentences
 Synonymous words can be repeated in several
sentences
 Pronouns can refer to nouns in previous sentences
 Transition words can be used to link ideas from
different sentences
There are several logical orders in
which coherence can be established.
 Chronological order is done in such ways
like narrating experiences, summarizing
the steps in the process and explaining
events and movements.
 Spatial order can be established through
the arrangement of visual details in some
consistent sequences such as from left to
right, east to west, near or distant and
vice versa.
 Inductive order is done by starting the
statement with more particular detail
going to and supporting the general
statement.
 Deductive order is done by
establishing a general statement
moving to the more particular details
that explain the general statement
itself.
Coherence can also be established
through the use of some special
devices.
 Transitional words and phrases serve as
indicators of the different relationships
that need to be connected to be able to
establish coherence in the paragraph.

 Reference of pronoun is a device used

to avoid needles repetition in the
paragraph.
 Repetition of keywords is used in
such a way that the keywords that
are related to the central idea in order
to establish coherence.

 Parallel structure is used to call

attention to similar idea in the
paragraph.
 Emphasis is the principle of the paragraph
composition in which the important ideas are
made to stand. In here it is very important that
the main points of the writer should be evident
inside the paragraph. means that the idea
should be made to stand from the rest of the
elements inside the paragraph. In establishing
emphasis, the main idea of what the author or
the writer wants to say should show to have
more importance.
Having an emphasis can be
achieved by using some
devices:
 Emphasis by proportion talks about that the
subordinate ideas should be given less
substance while ideas which have greater
importance should be given more
substance.

 In the emphasis by pause, the emphasis

is established by making chapter divisions,
paragraph breaks as well as mark of
punctuation.
 The emphasis by position elaborates
that the beginning and end of the
paragraph are considered as crucial
points where emphasis should be
placed, emphasis are usually
positioned in these places.
The Importance of Topic
Sentence
 In establishing unity, coherence, or emphasis, it is
important to determine where to put the topic
sentence inside the paragraph. Topic sentence is
greatly considered in the paragraph construction. It
is used to guide the specific focus of the
paragraph’s composition as well as in cutting out
some details within. Furthermore, the topic
sentence tells the readers about the things to
come up or the things that will follow after.