The Extended Entity Relationship

Model- Lecture1

Course:DDB
Instructor: Ibrar Afzal

Hazara University Mansehra, IT Department

 EER
•EER is an extension of Peter Chen’s proposal.

•EER model is a conceptual (or semantic) data model and a direct and
easy to understand concepts in graphical notation.

• Data requirements for a database are described in terms of a

conceptual schema, using the EER model.
• EER schemata are comparable to UML class diagrams.
 Features of EER Model

• An abstraction of some system is a model of that system in

which certain details are deliberately omitted.
• The choice of the details to exclude is made by in view of both
the proposed application of the abstraction and also its users.
• The objective is to allow users to pay attention to details of the
system which are related to the application and to take no notice
of other details.
 Features of EER Model

• Advantage abstraction hierarchy

• capability for different users to access the model at different

levels of abstraction.
• For commercial enterprise system
• executive users may access global information
• clerical users may access detailed information
• It also enhanced stability of the model as the application, or the
system itself.
 Features of EER Model

• Data properties and constraints are more accurately defined.

• EER schema is more helpful with EER.

• It contains the concept of specialization and generalization.

• It utilizes collection of objects that is union of objects of

different of different entity types.

The Constructs of the
EER Model
 Entities
•Represented with classes of objects and have independent existence.

• Student , Teacher ,Department and Course etc. are examples of entities for

a University.
• An instance of an entity represents an object in the class represented by

the entity.
• Ali and Ahmad khan, are examples of instances of the entity Student,

and the operating system is an instance of Course entity.

• The EER model unlike relational model EER model to knowing its object

properties.
 Relationships

•In EER a logical links representation between two or more entities is with
relationship.
• Residence is an example of a relationship that can exist between the entities
City and Employee
• An instance of a relationship is an n-tuple made up of instances of entities,
one for each of the entities involved.
• For instances of the relationship Residence , (Ahmad , Kararchi ), or the pair
(Khan ,Lahore ), are examples.
Relationship Example
 Recursive Relationships

Recursive relationships are also feasible, that is relationships

between an entity and itself.
 Attributes
• Basic properties of entities or relationships are described
with attributes.
• For example, Surname, Salary and Age are possible
attributes of the Employee entity, while Date and Mark
are possible attributes for the relationship Exam between
Student and Course.
• An attribute links with each instance of an entity (or
relationship) a value fit in to a set known as the domain
of the attribute.
• The domain hold the acceptable values for the attribute.
Attributes
 Composite Attributes
• To group attributes of the same entity or
relationship that have closely connected meanings
• Address is a composite attribute
Entity versus Attribute
Entity versus Attribute
Thanks