Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
System Characteristics
VxWorks 5.x
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Objectives
To explain the timing requirements of real-time systems
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Overview of Real-Time Systems
A real-time system requires that results be produced within a
specified deadline period.
An embedded system is a computing device that is part of a larger
system (I.e. automobile, airliner.)
A safety-critical system is a real-time system with catastrophic
results in case of failure.
A hard real-time system guarantees that real-time tasks be
completed within their required deadlines.
A soft real-time system provides priority of real-time tasks over
non real-time tasks.
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System Characteristics
Single purpose
Small size
Inexpensively mass-produced
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System-on-a-Chip
Many real-time systems are designed using system-on-a-chip
(SOC) strategy.
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Bus-Oriented System
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Features of Real-Time Kernels
Most real-time systems do not provide the features found in a
standard desktop system.
Reasons include
Real-time systems are typically single-purpose.
Real-time systems often do not require interfacing with a user.
Features found in a desktop PC require more substantial
hardware that what is typically available in a real-time system.
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Virtual Memory in Real-Time Systems
Address translation may occur via:
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Address Translation
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Implementing Real-Time
Operating Systems
In general, real-time operating systems must provide:
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Minimizing Latency
Event latency is the amount of time from when an event occurs to
when it is serviced.
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Interrupt Latency
Interrupt latency is the period of time from when an interrupt arrives
at the CPU to when it is serviced.
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Dispatch Latency
Dispatch latency is the amount of time required for the scheduler
to stop one process and start another.
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Real-Time CPU Scheduling
Periodic processes require the CPU at specified intervals (periods)
p is the duration of the period
d is the deadline by when the process must be serviced
t is the processing time
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Scheduling of tasks when P2 has a
higher priority than P1
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Rate Montonic Scheduling
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Missed Deadlines with
Rate Monotonic Scheduling
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Earliest Deadline First Scheduling
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Proportional Share Scheduling
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Pthread Scheduling
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VxWorks 5.0
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Wind Microkernel
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End of Chapter 19