Contents

• Introduction
• Advantages and disadvantages
• Types
• Materials
• Site Preparation
• Construction Process
• Mixing and Transport
• Joints
Rigid Pavements
• Cement concrete pavement is also an rigid pavement where initial
investment is high but will be cheap in long run .
• Rigid pavement have:
• Deformation in the sub grade not transferred to subsequent layers
• Design based on flexural strength
• Have low repairing cost
Advantages
• Durability and maintenance free life
• Resistant to automobile fuel spillage and extreme weather
• Greener process
• Lightening requirement in road is less
• Reduces industrial byproduct by using it
Disadvantages
• No phenomenon of grain to grain load transfer exist
• Initial construction cost is high
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QLCw9coHX1s
Components of Concrete Pavement
Types of Rigid Pavements
• Jointed Pain Concrete Pavement(JPCP)
Does not use any reinforcing bar
• Jointed Reinforced Concrete Pavement(JRCP)
Reinforcing steel placed at mid height and discontinued at the joints
• Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement(CRCP)
This method is very costly and not practice often
• Pre-stressed Concrete Pavement(PCP)
Comprises new and innovative construction methods
Materials used
 
• Cement
Ordinary portland cement is generally used. Rapid hardening cement in case of urgency. 
• Course aggregate
Maximum size should not exceed one fourth of the thickness of the slab.
Grading 20-50mm, materials collected below and above 25mm. 
• The desirable limits of important properties are
• Aggregate crushing value : 30% max.
• Aggregate impact value : 30% max.
• Loss angeles abrasion value : 30% max.
•  Fine aggregate
•  Natural sand should be preferred
 Site Preparation
• It includes all the operation before the pavement is laid over and
compacted
• Mud , leaves etc must be removed and drainage of water must be
provided
• If poor soil (eg. Swelling soil)
• Remove to reach better soil below
• Replace with better material
• Compaction of subgrade materials is key factor 
• Sub-grade is prepared and checked for at least two days in advance of
concreting.
• The sub-grade or sub-base is kept in moist condition at the time when
the cement is placed.
Construction Process
• Formworks:
steel or wooden forms used.
M.S channel section used.
Depth equal to thickness of pavement.
wooden forms are dressed, cleaned and
oiled on the inside.
• Watering of base
If base is dry or construction taking place during summer season then
watering is done using sprinkling process
• The subsurface is compacted by roller to provide an even surface
• Total width of sub-base to be kept 60cm wider then pavement width ,
projecting 30cm on each side
 Placing of Concrete
• segregation of materials is avoided while concrete is placed from mixer.
• spreading done uniformly, a certain amount of redistribution done with
shovels
• Spraying water on the fresh concrete in order to improve the
workability shall be avoided by all means 
• Slip-form paving is used when large amounts of concrete must be
placed efficiently.
• Unlike fixed-form paving, where stationary forms are placed to hold the
concrete mixture, slip-form pavers form and consolidate fresh concrete
while they travel.
 Compacting
• Surface of the pavement is compacted by either power driven finishing
machine or by a vibrating hand screed.
• hand consolidation and finishing is adopted at corners.
• The freshly placed concrete edges are strutted by the side forms or by
adjacent linear elements or existing paving slabs
• Hand Compaction
Rodding
Temping
Ramming
Mixing and Transport of Concrete
• Complete blending of the materials which are required for the
production of a homogeneous concrete
• The fine and coarse aggregates are proportioned by weight in a
weight- batching plant. 
• Placed into the hopper along with necessary quantity of cement.
• All batching of material is done on the basis of one or more whole
bags of cement, the wt. being 50 kgs.
Concrete Mixing plant
• It must have sufficient capacity for continuous supply of concrete mix
• Permanent concrete mixing plant are often called on for small works
• It is essential to have communication system between site and
concrete mixing plant
• While transporting prevent segregation
• Check for the workability of the concrete
Source: https://www.nbmcw.com/report/concrete-equipment
Categories of Transportation
 
• Wheelbarrow or motorized buggy 
• Truck mixer 
• Bucket or steel skip 
• Chute
• Belt conveyor
• Concrete pump 
• Pneumatic placer
Placing of a Concrete
• Alternate bay method: 1,4,5 and 2,3,6
• Continuous bay method: 1,3,5 and 2,4,6
 Joints
• Constructions Joints:
required because of limitations on the
construction operations and the construction
equipment
it is impossible to construct all the
pavement in a single day so at the end of
each day a transverse construction joint is
constructed from which the paving operation
will be continue next day
Transverse Joints
• Joints that are constructed transverse to the street’s centerline to
control transverse slab cracking.
•  These joints are commonly used at the end of the paving operation
and may be retro-fitted to tie an existing slab to a new pavement.
Longitudinal Joints
• Longitudinal joints are necessary to control cracking in the
longitudinal direction where two or more lane widths are placed at
one time.
• They are constructed at lane lines, typically in the multiples of 12 feet
Expansion Joints
• These joints are provided transversely into which pavements can
expands and thus relieves compressive stress due to expansion of
concrete.
• They prevents any tendency towards distortion, buckling etc.
• They allow expansion of slab due to temperature.
• They are about 20 mm in width.
•  If expansion joints are not utilized, the concrete pavement would
essentially crush itself as it expands.
Contraction Joints
• These are purposely made weakened planes which relieves the
tension stresses in the concrete caused due to change in moisture
content and temperature.
• These contraction joints tends to prevent the formation of irregular
cracks due to restraint in free contraction of concrete.
Thank you!!!