Zangxiang

theory - heart

Department of TCM Wang Jinhui

 藏象学说 - 肝

中医学教研室 王金会
Department of TCM, first clinical
college, Xinxiang medical college
The speaker ： Wang Jinhui
Department ： TCM Department
Tel ： 13525005256
 Learning content
1 、 Master the basic concept and main content
of visceral manifestation.
2 、 The physiological functions of the five
zang-organs.
3 、 To understand the relationship among zang-
fu organs and between essence, qi, blood and
body fluid.
visceral manifestation
First seen in 《 Su Wen. Six theories
of visceral phenomena 》

visceral refers to the internal morphological

structure hidden in the body

manifestation 　  refers to the physiological

and pathological manifestations

The physiological and pathological manifestations of

internal organs in the body
ncept of theory of visceral outward manifestation

theory of visceral outward

manifestation ： It is a theory
to study the physiological
functions, pathological changes
and their mutual relations of
various viscera. According to the
external manifestations of the
human body to speculate on the
physiological and pathological
conditions of the internal organs.
he origin of theory of visceral outward manifestati

Ancient knowledge of anatomy

《 Neijing 》、《 Nanjing 》 The size, length, volume and weight of the
zang-fu organs

In ancient times, early observations were made of the internal organs of animals by
killing the carcasses of their prey.
he origin of theory of visceral outward manifestati

Ancient knowledge of anatomy Repeated medical practic

verification and counterev

Long-term observation of the human body

physiological and pathological phenomena

The formation theory of

visceral outward
manifestation
 The classification of viscera
viscera
Internal organs

the five internal extraordin

the six hollow ary Fu-
organs
organs organ
Bravery, stomach
and small intestine, large Heart, liver brain, marrow, bones, ves
intestine, the sanjiao and spleen, lung, gallbladder and uteru
, bladder and kidney
The main characteristics of zang xiang theory
The five internal organs

hide and hold,rich but not full―― more virtual

The six viscera

diarrhea but not hide,solid and discontent―― more
solid

Six organs for the purpose of clear"

 The main characteristics of zang xiang theory

Through the observation of the physiological and

pathological phenomena of the human body, the theory of
studying the physiological functions, pathological changes and
their mutual relations of various viscera of the human body --
the core of the theoretical system of traditional Chinese
medicine

Five organs as the center of the overall close

 The integrity of the human
body centering on the five
organs

These five systems are not isolated from each other, but
are connected through the meridian communication and the flow
of qi and blood. The coordination and mutual aid of the five
zang-organs and their mutual use are important guarantees for
maintaining the physiological balance of the human body.
 脏 藏
腑 象
"Zang-fu" is the concept of western medicine,
including the anatomy and function of the internal
organs. Zang xiang is the evolution of zang-fu
function, which is the function of the system added on
the basis of the sum of the functions of the various
systems, and the function of this system does not exist
in a single organ.
 TCM viscera-state Western medicine
viscera

Physiological pathological Physiological and

combination pathological
independence

Functional systems of The anatomy of the

anatomical imprinting system

Fuzzy boundaries The boundary clear

Macro, denotation Micro, deep

Dynamic, flexible Steady state 、 ensure

Systematic oneness
 一、 heart
(1)The physiological function of the heart
(2) The associative function of the heart's systems
(3) Systems commonly used traditional Chinese medicine
and Chinese patent medicine
(4) Hearts system commonly used acupuncture points
The parts and forms of the heart
Heart position and shape of parts: within the chest, ab
ove the diaphragmatic, between the lungs, lung liver, spin
e, shaped like a down not open lotus, outside the pericard
ium guards. Shape: the shape is like lotus and stamen, wit
h heart enveloping and protecting outside, and holes and
orifice connecting inside.
（ No.1 ）
The main physiological function of the heart

The heart governs the blood

the heart storing spirit

 The physiological function of the heart

1T.he heart governs the blood

The states of mind promotes blood to run
in the pulse, circulates all over the body,
and plays the role of nutrition and
moisturization.
Blood
vessel
states of
mind blood

Whole
body
 The heart governs the blood

main—
host,administrate 、 domi
nate 主血（行血、生血
blood— The heart and blood
Two sides）
vessel— The states of blood ,the passageway of 主脉
blood circulation, also known as the
"blood house"
The heart governs the blood
the heart is connected with the pulse. The heart has the function of
promoting and generating blood, so that it can run in the pulse to nourish
the whole body.
the heart controls blood
circulation
The operation of blood is closely
related to the function of the five
viscera. The central rhythmic
function is particularly important,
and the beating of the heart mainly
depends on the promotion and
regulation of the heart-qi. Heart Qi
can promote blood circulation, to
transport nutrients to the whole
body viscera, limbs and bones.
 The heart controls blood circulation

Heart has the function of generating blood, that is,

the so-called theory of "devoting heart to turning red".
The function of dietary water valley is transformed into
the essence of water valley through the Qi of spleen and
stomach. The essence of water valley is transformed into
Yingqi and body fluid again. Yingqi and body fluid enter
the veins, and the function of Heart-yang is transformed
into red blood.
 The heart controlling blood vessels
The operation of blood is like the water in a river.
With the help of certain wind power, the river water
should be sufficient and pure, and the river course
should be smooth, so that the water can flow smoothly.
Similarly, the heart governs the blood vessels, which
must depend on the abundance of the heart and qi, the
filling of the blood and the fluency of the channels.
 Heart Qi promotes the blood to run in the vein, and the hear
t beats regularly, so that the vein also produces rhythmic fluctu
ation pulsation, which is called "pulse" in TCM. Commonly used as
pulse diagnosis places, such as: RenYing pulse, Cunkou pulse, Fu
yang pulse, and the rise and fall of heart qi, can also be direct
ly perceived from the left breast. This is called "the collateral
of stomach".
寸口脉
 The heart controlling blood vessels

the heart 1 Ruddy complexion

dominating
blood 2 The tongue is light red, moist and
lustrous
circulation
and vessels 3. The pulse is gentle and powerful
is normal (breath four to five to one)

4. Chest feel comfortable

 Abnormal function of
heart main
blood vessel
1 、 deficiency of heart-QI
Pale complexion, lack of energy, palpitation,
panic, weak pulse

2 、 Deficiency of heart and blood

Pale, dizzy, pale tongue, palpitation,
fine pulse
3 、 heart blood stasis
Dark blue face, palpitation, tingling in the anterior part
of the heart, dark tongue, pulse knot, generation or
astringency
 The heart controlling mental and emotional activities

2 、 the heart controlling mental and emotional activities

“ 心者，君主之官，神明出焉”

the heart stores the spirit

The heart has the function of controlling all the physiological activities

of the five Zang-organs and organs of the human body and the

spiritual consciousness and thinking activities of the human body.

 the heart controlling mental and emotional activities

In a broad sense, God refers to the external

manifestation of human life activities, and is a high
generalization of life activities, such as the image of the
whole human body, as well as the face, eyes, speech,
reaction, etc., which are all included in the scope of God.
The heart controlling mental and emotional activities

The spirit of mind refers to the narrow sense of God, referring to the
human spirit, consciousness, thinking, emotional activities and
personality tendencies.

“Qiqiao Linglong Xin” ， reflects his mental agility and quick response to
things.
“Be preoccupied by some troubles” ， means that there are many things in his
mind,
“absent-mindedness” means that he is not concentrating on what is in front of
him, which means that spirit, consciousness and thinking are closely related to
his heart.
The heart controlling mental and emotional activities

When the mood is exciting, the mind will be more excited, especially before
going to bed at night, if you watch a wonderful movie, or chat with friends
very exciting, will make the mind unable to recover, resulting in a long time
can not fall asleep. Western medicine explains insomnia caused by
excessive excitement of cerebral cortex, whileTCM believes that your mind
The heart controlling mental and emotional activities
Heart is the heart of anatomy, which is in charge o
f blood circulation. Second, the supervisor's spiritual
consciousness and the mind of thinking and feeling.
 Heart controlling mental and emotional activities

It is often said that "a wrinkle in the eyebrow, a plan in the heart", rather than
"a plan in the mind". It is the same inTCM, philosophy and literature to repr
esent people's spiritual activities by heart, including the discipline of moder
n research on spiritual consciousness thinking activities, which is still calle
d "psychology". In addition, what we often call "generous hearts" and "abs
olute loyalty".
Relationship between Heart main blood
Mental activity is closely related to the main blood vessels of the heart.
Blood is the material basis of mental activity. Therefore, if the heart is full of
energy and blood, and the mind is well nourished, the mental activity can be
normal, then the spirit is exhilarated, the mind is clear, the thinking is agile,
the response is quick, and the external environment can be coordinated and
unified.
Heart controlling mental and emotional activities
The mind governs the spirit

Normal physiological manifestations

Clear mind, quick thinking and quick reaction.
Abnormal pathological manifestations

Insufficiency of mind - mental lethargy, mental weakness,

slow reaction.
The mind is disturbed - dizziness, delirium, mania, demeanor.
Insufficiency of heart-mind

Insufficient Qi and blood in the

heart will inevitably affect the
mind, which is manifested by
insomnia, dreamfulness,
forgetfulness and mental weakness.
The mind was disturbed.

Phlegm and fire disturb the

mind and confuse the mind,
which is manifested by mania,
inconstant laughter and crying,
beating people and destroying
objects, climbing high and
singing, abandoning clothes
and leaving.
The relationship between heart governing
spirit and heart governing blood vessels

1. Heart governing blood vessels is the material

basis of heart governing mind.
2. Heart governing mind can affect the function
of heart governing blood vessels.
 Systematic Attachment Function of the Heart
1 、 Heart is happy in mind: the physiological function of heart is related to emotional

happiness.

2.Heart is in harmony with pulse and its splendor is in the face: the whole body blood

belongs to the heart, and the facial color can reflect the ups and downs of heart qi.

3.Heart enlightenment lies in tongue: the Qi and blood of heart are connected with

tongue. The normal function of tongue depends on the function of heart governing blood

and mind governing mind. Through the observation of tongue, we can understand the

functional state of heart governing blood and heart governing mind.

4.Heart-in-fluid is sweat: heart is closely related to sweat production and excretion 。

 Happy is the heart.
Meaning: The physiological function of the heart is related to emotional pleasure.

Physiologi Happiness is a kind of benign response to external

cal stimuli. Normal joy is helpful to the function of the
significanc heart and blood vessels, and is beneficial to physical
e and mental health. 。
Insufficient mood - sad to cry
Pathological Cardiac
significance dysfunction

Heart meridians and evil facts - laughing

endlessly
Abnormal joy, such as excessive joy - hurt the
mind, deplete the heart 。
 
 Happy is the heart.
Happiness, which is a good stimulus to the body, good for the
heart, and good for physical and mental health. Modern medical
research has proved that people with cheerful personality, happy
spirit and optimistic mood can live a long and healthy life, and
the incidence of cardiovascular disease is also significantly
reduced; while people with impatient mood, depression and
pessimistic mood are weak and sick, and the incidence of
cardiovascular disease is also significantly increased. We should
learn to relieve stress and relax our spirit, keep a calm mind,
control emotional changes, have a moderate degree of joy and
anger, and never be overjoyed, sad or angry.
 Heart is in harmony with pulse, and its
beauty is in the face.
Meaning: The functional state of the heart can often be reflected by changes in
the color of the face. Physiological Significance of Gill: Rich blood veins
in head and face, thin and tender facial tissue, easy to observe, so facial
color can reflect the ups and downs of cardiac function.
Shortage of heart and spirit - pale and obscure.
The pathological significance of gills is less painful-pale.
The blood stasis in the gills is blue and purple.
Ruddy complexion

This picture is a picture of

healthy people with ruddy,
moist and lustrous complexion.
It is suggested that the heart is
full of qi, blood, pulse passage is
clear and heart function is good.
Deficiency of heart and Qi Heart and blood
makes the face dull deficiency is pale
Heart stasis and
dark complexion
 Heart in mind is tongue

Meaning: The tongue is outside the heart. The heart changes. The tongue
can react quickly.
Normal: ruddy tongue, free movement, normal taste, fluent language. Gill
blood disorder abnormal tongue color, such as pale white, red, blue and
purple, etc.
Psychological abnormalities - tongue strength, tongue roll, speech or
aphasia.
 The Principle of Observing the Main
Blood Vein of Heart from Tongue Color
"Lingshu Pulse Degree": "Heart and Qi communicate with tongue,
heart and tongue can know five flavors. The Qi and blood of the
heart pass through the meridians to the tongue so as to maintain the
normal color and shape of the tongue and exert its normal
physiological function. Therefore, tongue inspection can measure the
physiological function and pathological changes of the heart.
The characteristics of normal
tongue are: light red and
bright tongue, moist tongue,
moderate size of tongue, soft
and flexible; even, thin white
and moist tongue coating,
referred to as "light red
tongue, thin white coating".
heart qi deficiency heart yin deficiency
heart blood yu
 The heart is sweat

Meaning: Heart and sweat are closely related,

also known as sweat as the fluid of the heart.
Yin deficiency leads to night Heart qi deficiency is
sweats sweat
 pericardium

Function: Protecting Heart

"Substituting Heart for Evil".
 Heart Yin defic
iency
Heart Yin Deficiency: Self-conscious fever of
both hands and feet and heart and chest can be
accompanied by restlessness, insomnia and
dreaming, dizziness ,with red tongue and less
zinc, fine pulse and dry stool, sores in the mouth
and tongue, red cheeks.
 The heart of TCM

Zhusha
Collection:
Taste: sweet, cold.
Efficacy: calm the mind, clear the heat and clear the eyes.
Indications: Treatment insomnia and dreams, epilepsy and madness, dizzine
ss of vision, sores , swelling and poisoning.
usage and dosage ： 0.3-1g ， take with water ， and it can also be made in
to pills or powder.
Do not use calcination for medication.
 Chinese Patent Medicine
Tianwang Buxin Pills （ P227 ）
Functions: Nourishing yin and blood, nourishing heart and calming mind.
Indications: insomnia, fatigue, forgetfulness , fever of hands, feet and hearts, sores in the
mouth and tongue, red tongue with little coating, and fine pulse.
Modern research shows that Tianwang Buxin Pill not only has obvious effects of calming,
anti-convulsion , but also has effects of anti-myocardial infarction and improving immunit
y.
 Deficiency of Heart-yan
g
Deficiency of Heart-Yang: In addition to feeling cold all over the body, dark
complexion, heart and chest depression or pain, patients often appear invol
untary sweating, fat and tender tongue, and fine pulse. Or we can see the sy
mptoms of sweating, cold limbs, purple lips, weak breathing, weak pulse, bl
urred mind, and even coma, which are the danger of Heart-yang deficiency.
 Chinese Patent Medicine
• Shenfu Qiangxin pills

• Function: Yi Qi and benefiting Yang,

strengthening Heart and promoting Water.

• Indications: For palpitation, shortness of breath, chest tightness, facia

l and other diseases, belongs to heart and kidney yang failure.

• Modern research: treatment of heart failure, It can strengthen myocardial

contractility, slow down heart rate, increase the output of heart failure,
reduce venous pressure, slow down blood pressure and sedation.

• Usage and dosage: oral, 2 pills once, 2-3 times a day.

 Rensen
taste ： Sweet, bitter and warm 。
Efficacy: Dabu Yuanqi, Bupi Yifei, Shengjin Zhithi
rst, tranquilizing mind and improving intelligence.
Usage: 5-10 grams.Take 1-2 grams at the end of gri
nding and 2-3 times a day.
 Modern research
• It can increase the heart rate.
• It can enhance the immune function of the body
 Shengmai Yin

Indications: insufficient Qi and Yin, tiredness, shortness of breath a

nd laziness, thirst and sweating, shortness of breath, weak pulse and s
weat; or lung deficiency and persistent cough, dry cough, dry throat an
d tongue, red and dry tongue, weak pulse.

Modern applications: treatment of arrhythmia,as well as Qi and Yin inju

ry type of bronchitis, tuberculosis body deficiency and long cough.
 Deficiency of heart and blood

Palpitation, insomnia and dreaming are common symptoms of

heart-blood deficiency and heart-Yin deficiency. Heart and
blood deficiency has dizziness, forgetfulness, pale or yell
owish complexion, pale lips and nails, weak pulse and so on
.
 Baiziren
Property and flavor ： sweet 、 flat.

meridians of heart 、 kidney 、 large intestine .

Efficacy ： nourishing the heart and calming the nerves

、 moistening bowel and purgation

Function ： Treatment of weakness, restlessness and inso

mnia caused by blood failure to nourish the heart and s
o on.

Dose ： 10-18g.
 Irregular pul
se
Heart beat restlessly,accompanied by panic frequently ， chest
tightness ， heartache often breaks out ， lips turn to purple , da
rk red tongue or bruises ， the pulse is thin or knot. Equivalent
to Western Medicine’s coronary heart disease.
 Danshen
Efficacy: Promoting blood circulation and removing bl
ood stasis, relieving pain through menstruation, clea
ring heart and removing trouble, cooling blood and el
iminating carbuncle.

Indications: chest pain and heartache, abdominal and

hypochondriac pain, restlessness, irregular menstruat
ion, dysmenorrhea.

Usage and dosage: decoction, 10-15g. Promoting blood

circulation and removing blood stasis is suitable for
wine roasting.
 Danshen

1. Heart-strengthening enhances myocardial contractilit

y, improves cardiac function, and does not increase
myocardial oxygen consumption.
2. Expansion of coronary artery and increase of myocard
ial blood flow; Expansion of peripheral blood vessel
s and increase of blood flow.
 Danshen Dripping Pills
• Composition: Danshen Sanqi Bingpian.
• Indications: Promoting blood circulation and removing
blood stasis, regulating qi and relieving pain. It can be
used for chest stuffiness caused by qi stagnation and bl
ood stasis. The symptoms include chest tightness and
coronary heart disease.
• Usage and dosage: swallow. Ten pills a time, three time
s a day. 28 days is a course of treatment; or follow the
doctor's advice.
 Chinese patent medic
ine
• Tongxinluo Capsule
• Functions: Benefiting Qi and activating b
lood circulation, relieving pain.
• Usage and dosage: Two to four capsules
at a time, three times a day.
• For coronary heart disease, it belongs to
deficiency of heart-qi and blockage of bl
ood stasis and collaterals.
• Wu yiling (1949.10.2
4-) was born in guchen
g county, hebei provin
ce.Academician of Chin
ese academy of enginee
ring, famous Chinese m
edicine cardio - cereb
ral vascular disease e
xpert.
 手少阴心经

心手少阴之脉，……其直者，复从心系，却上肺，下
出腋下，下循臑内后廉，行太阴、心主之后，下肘
内，循臂内后廉，抵掌后锐骨之端，入掌内后廉，循
小指之内出其端。
本经一侧 9 穴， 8 穴分布在上肢掌侧面的尺侧， 1 穴
在腋窝中。
 Tongli

Location: in the forearm palmar, when the u

lnar wrist flexor tendon radial edge, wrist tr
ansverse stria 1 inch.

Main treatment: palpitations, aphonia, ton

gue strong silent, wrist and arm pain.

[operation]: direct needling 0.3 × 0.5 inch;

 Tongli

Modern studies have shown that Tongli acupoints

directly regulate cardiac autonomic nerve function a
nd indirectly regulate central nervous function, there
by improving the symptoms of cardiovascular syste
m and nervous system disorders, and achieving the
purpose of treating cardiac neurosis. Effective treat
ment of cardiac neurosis.
 Shenmen

[location]: at the ulnar end of the palmar car

pal striae, the flexor tendon of the ulnar wris
t is in radial depression.
Main treatment: heartache, annoyance, palp
itation, insomnia, forgetfulness, epilepsy, che
st and flank pain, heat in the palm.
[operation]: direct needling 0.3 × 0.5 inch;
 Shenmen

The brain function caused by acupuncture at Shenmen point is not only relat
ed to the central nervous system of sensory motor, but also related to cogni
tive function. It is suggested that there is an objective basis for the treatmen
t of senile dementia with Shenmen acupoint.
 thinking question

1.The heart main blood pulse function is

normal or not can be expressed in what
respect?
2.What does God mean?
3.Briefly describe the physiological
characteristics of the heart and its
meaning.
THANK YOU ！