3G SYSTEMS

TELECOM NETWORK

USER ACCESS CORE

NETWORK NETWORK NETWORK
EVOLUTION OF TELECOM
 MOBILE EVOLUTION
Generation Name Developed by Country speed
1G AMPS USA(QUALCOM)
TACS Europe(ETSI)
2G CDMA USA 14.4kbps
GSM Europe 13kbps
2.5G CDMA USA 170kbps
2001xRTT
GPRS EUROPE 115kbps
2.75G 1xRTT USA 57.6kbps
Version A
EDGE EUROPE 384kbps
 MOBILE EVOLUTION (cont)

3G 1xEVDO USA 3.1mbps

UMTS EUROPE 128Kbps-2mbps

3G+ HSDPA EUROPE 14Mbps

4G LTE EUROPE 100Mbps

4G+ LTE EUROPE 3.5Gbps

Advanced
 2nd GENERATION(2G)
Global system for switching mobile(GSM):-
BANDWIDTH MANAGEMENT

Bandwidth is the frequency available for communication

B.W management techniques:

 TDMA
 FDMA
 Cellular Technology and Frequency Reuse Scheme
 Speech Coding
 Modulation
 CELLULAR TECHNOLOGY AND
FREQUENCY REUSE
 Instead of using one powerful
transmitter many low-
powered transmitter were
placed through out a coverage
area.
 The cellular concept employs
variable low power levels,
which allows cells to be sized
according to subscriber density
and demand of a given area.
 CELLULAR TECHNOLOGY AND
FREQUENCY REUSE(contd)
 Frequencies used in one cell
cluster can be reused in other
cells.
 All unique frequencies are used in
a cluster . And the total set of
frequencies are repeated in the
adjacent cluster.
 This frequency reuse allows a
much higher subscriber density
per MHz of spectrum than other
systems.
 CO CHANNEL INTERFERENCE
 Radio channels can be reused provided the
separation between cells containing the
same channel set is far enough to reduce
co-channel interference.
 Frequencies can be reused because radio
signals typically attenuate with distance to
the base station (or mobile station).
 CO CHANNEL
INTERFERENCE(contd)
 When the distance between cells using the same
frequencies becomes too small, co-channel
Interference might occur and lead to service
interruption or unacceptable quality of service.
 As long as the ratio
= Frequency reuse distance(D)
Cell radius (R)
is greater than some specified value.
 GSM NETWORK ARCHITECTURE

SIM

BTS BSC TXCDR MSC GMSC

ME
 CDMA
Multiple Access: Simultaneous private use of a transmission medium by multiple, independent
users. The following are different types of multiple access:

CDMA
FDMA

Power
Power

TDMA CDMA Code Division Multiple

Access
•A channel is a unique code
pattern
•Each user uses the same
Power frequency all the time, but
mixed with different
distinguishing code patterns
 SPREAD SPECTRUM

 Definition: Spread spectrum technique, employ

a transmission bandwidth that is several orders
of magnitude greater than the minimum required
signal bandwidth.
Spread Spectrum Principles
SHANON Formula

C=B*log2(1+S/N)

Where,
C is capacity of channel, b/s
B is signal bandwidth, Hz
S is average power for
signal
N is average power for
noise
Advantages of Spread Spectrum

 Avoid interference arising from jamming signal or

multi-path effects
 SS and demodulation, noise is suppressed and
filtered
 resist intercept and capture: difficult to detect
 Achieve Privacy: Difficult to demodulate
 Implement Multiple Access
 Improve Frequency Reuse
 Enlarge Capacity
2.5 GENERATION(2.5G)
General Packet Radio Service(GPRS):-
2.75 GENERATION (2.75G)
Enhanced Data rates GSM Evolution:-
 3rd GENERATION (3G)
 The emergence of the Third Generation Mobile
Technology (Commonly known as 3G), has been the
latest innovation in the field of communication.

 The products and the network roll outs have started and
customer base is growing.

 Can give the customers Internet access at 2 Mbps,

while he/she is on the move.
What is 3G? What is its data
 3G is the next generation rate?
of wireless network
 2.05 Mbits/second to
technology that provides
stationary devices.
high speed bandwidth to
 384 Kbits/ second for slowly
handheld devices.
moving devices

 128 Kbits/second for fast

moving devices
Characteristics proposed:

 Always-on connectivity

 Multi-media service with streaming audio and video.

 Email with full-fledged attachments.

 Instant messaging with video/audio clips.

 Fast downloads of large files.

 Access to corporate applications.

 Advantages:-
 New radio spectrum
 More bandwidth, security and
reliability.
 Interoperability
Disadvantages:-
 Costly
 Requires different handsets
 Base stations need to be
closer to each other

 Fixed and variable data rates.  Content Provisioning to make

services popular.
 Asymmetric data rates.

 Backward compatibility

 Always-online devices

 Rich multimedia services.

What are the integral parts of 3g
network?
 UMTS- WCDMA (Radio access network)

 The backbones

 3G specifications
Universal Mobile telecommunication
systems(UMTS)
Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
(WCDMA)
 The Backbones
 Packet switched backbone evolved from
GPRS backbone.

 Basic functions are identical, but

improvements are made.

 IP is considered to be main clue to buildup

high capacity backbones.
 3G specifications
 Core network specifications

 GPRS/EDGE Radio access network

specifications.

 Terminal specifications.

 Radio access network specifications.

 Services and system aspects specifications.

 COMPARISION OF 2G AND 3G

2G 3G
 Speed: 115Kbps Speed: 2Mbps
Both voice and
Only voice calls
video calls
 Small size data
Large size data can
can be sent
be sent
 Internet
Very high
connectivity is
very slow due to connectivity as this
use of only GPRS technology supports
technology high speed
broadband
APPLICATIONS
 Video conferencing.
 Video Messaging.
 Long distance file
transfer.
 Mobile games.
 Cash payment(mobile
banking).
 Access over
gadgets(user owned).
THANK YOU