SENSOR AND ACTUATOR

PRESENTED

BY

RAHUL
CONTENTS

PART I - PYRO ELECTRIC SENSOR

• PRINCIPLE

• SPECIFICATION

• APPLIATION

PART II - ULTRASONIC ACTUATOR

• PRINCIPLE

• SPECIFICATION

• APPLIATION
SENSOR - PRINCIPLE

Crystalline material generates a surface electric

charge when exposed to heat from infrared
radiation
Sensitive FET is build into the sensor to measure
changes in charge
Filter window is added to sensor device to limit
incoming radiation to the 8-14μm range
Configurations can cancel signals caused by
vibration, temperature changes and sunlight.
PIR

SAMPLE
CONFIGURATION
Infrared frequency range for human detection: 5-14μm
Filter to remove noise from power supply
Motion direction is detected by a more
positive/negative voltage response
+5V required for accurate detection
Frensel Lens for Human Detection
SENSOE - SPECIFICATIONS

High Sensitivity and Excellent S/N ratio

High Stability to the temperature change
Slight movement can be detectable
Non directional sensing with wide field of view
(approx 41 degrees)
High immunity to external noise (Vibration, RFI,
etc.)
Supply voltage (3 to 15 V)
Responsivity 3.3mV (typical)
 SENSOR - APPLICATION

Security
Lighting Appliances
Household or other Appliances
Heat Sensing
Human or Mammal Detection

SENSOR - LIMITATION

Viewing angle is regulated by the lens

Limited to Temperature ranges detectably below or
above body temperature (~98.6 degrees)
Requires large amplification – low noise immunity
ACTUATOR - INTRODUCTION

An ultrasonic motor (USM) converts ultrasonic

vibrations into linear or rotary motion.
USMs plays an important role a few niche markets
where the size, torque, speed or other requirements
could not be satisfied by the traditional EM motor.
USMs are often called solid state motors because they
have very few moving parts and they can be fabricated
like integrated circuits to be either macroscopic or
microscopic.
ACTUATOR - PRINCIPLE

• One thing all USMs have in common is their use of piezoelectric

material to transform electrical energy to mechanical energy.

• USMs typically use ceramics derived from lead-zirconate titanate

(abbreviated PZT).

• After the PZT ceramic is shaped and fired, it is then electric field
polarized. This allows the material to deform with a changing
electric field
Linear USMs, sometimes called “tube” or “rod” USMs, also use
piezoelectric metals or ceramics for actuation.
Show here is a picture of New Scale Technologies tiny “Squiggle”
motor.

The Squiggle motor weighs about 30g and boasts a stall force of
10N. Micro deformations also give resolutions as high as 1nm,
and max speeds of 15mm/sec.
The Piezo LEGS motor, developed by MicroMo
Electronics Inc., illustrates one popular technique for
linear USM actuation.
• Like other USMs, the
LEGS motor generates
motion in discrete steps.
• 4 bimetallic
metal/ceramic “legs” are
positioned around a
single nut on a threaded
rod.
Applying voltage to a PZT leg causes it to change
shape. This strain in the leg causes the nut to bend and
shift on the threaded rod.
• By synchronizing the 4
legs an elliptical force
pattern moves the rod in
either the forward or
reverse direction.
• Because deformations are
small, several thousand
pulses/sec are needed.
ACTUATOR - APPLICATION

• Camera lens autofocus.

• Spacecraft planetary instruments.
• Medical equipment (MRIs etc).
• Small robotic joints.
 ACTUATOR - ADVANTAGES

• Compact, lightweight, flexible and robust.

• High positioning accuracy.
• High low-speed torque and holding torque.
• Unaffected by external electric or magnetic fields.
• Quiet drive system.
• Hard brake with no backlash.
• Variable stroke.
• Quick response.
 MAJOR APPLICATION

USMs have lots of potential for use in medical applications.

One very promising research area is in medical diagnostic
instruments.

The Robotics Institute of

Carnegie Mellon University
and the Division of Cardiac
Surgery at the University of
Pittsburgh are teaming up to
create a tiny robot called the
HeartLander.
The HeartLander is a tiny robot that surgeons could
insert into a patient’s chest cavity through a minimally
invasive incision. This tiny robot could then move
along the surface

of the heart and perform

interventions. The
surgeon would be able to
control every movement
via a controller and
monitor external to the
patients body.
THANK YOU