MANGANESE

By: group IV
Dony Ferdinan Simanjuntak
Evan Andrean Sembiring
Niko Hefal Fernando
Sansah Sinaga
 Our topic related to….

Introduction of manganese Properties of manganese

Isotopes manganese

source of manganese
Preparation of manganese
 INTRODUCTION OF
MANGANESE
Manganese is a chemical element,
designated by the symbol Mn.
It has the atomic number 25.

It is found as a free element in nature

(often in combination with iron), and in
many minerals.
As a free element, manganese is a metal
with important industrial metal alloy uses,
particularly in stainless steels.
 History of Manganese
Manganese compounds have been used since
ancient times.

Manganese was first isolated by Johan G Gahn in

1774 by reduction of the dioxide with carbon.

The element name comes from the Latin word

'magnes', meaning magnet.
 Properties of Manganese
 General Properties

Name: Manganese
Symbol: Mn
Type: Transition Metal
Atomic weight: 54.9380
Density @ 293 K: 7.43 g/cm3
Atomic volume : 7.4 cm3/mol
 Properties of Manganese (cont)
 Physical Properties
State (s, l, g): solid Color: gray-white
Hardness: 6.0 mohs Atomic radius: 140 pm
Melting point: 1523 K   (1250 oC)
Boiling point: 2333 K   (2060 oC)
Specific heat capacity: 0.48 J g-1 K-1
Heat of atomization: 283 kJ mol-1
Heat of fusion: 12.91 kJ mol-1
Heat of vaporization: 219.74 kJ mol-1
Electron affinity: kJ mol-1
 Properties of Manganese (cont)
 Chemical Properties
Shells: 2,8,13,2
Electron configuration: [Ar] 3d5 4s2
Minimum oxidation number: -3
Maximum oxidation number: 7
Min. common oxidation no.: 0
Max. common oxidation no.: 2
Electronegativity (Pauling Scale): 1.55
Polarizability volume: 9.4 Å3
 Isotopes of Manganese

Manganese has 21 isotopes whose half lives are

known, with mass numbers 46 to 66. Of these, only
one is stable, 55Mn.
46Mn 47Mn 48Mn 49Mn

50Mn 51Mn 52Mn 53Mn 

54Mn 55Mn (55Mn is stable with 30 neutrons )

56Mn 57Mn 58Mn 59Mn

60Mn 61Mn 62Mn 63Mn

64Mn 65Mn 66Mn

 REACTIONS OF MANGANESE
Reaction with air:
3Mn + 2O2 Mn3O4
3Mn + N2 Mn3N2

Reaction with 6 M HCl:

Mn + 2HCl H2 + MnCl2
1. Reactions of manganese(II) ions in
solution
The simplest ion that manganese forms in
solution is the hexaaquamanganese(II) ion -
[Mn(H2O)6 ]2+ .
 Reaction (cont)
2. The reaction of hexaaquamanganese(II) ions
with hydroxide ions
[Mn(H2O)6 ]2+ +2OH- [Mn(H2O)4(OH)2] + 2H2O
 Reaction (cont)
3. The reaction of hexaaquamanganese(II) ions
with ammonia solution
[Mn(H2O)6 ]2+ + 2NH3 [Mn(H2O)4(OH)2] + 2NH4
Oxidation state of Manganese
Compounds
1. 0 Mn2(CO)10
2. +1 K5[Mn(CN)6NO]
3. +2 MnCl2
4. +3 MnF3
5. +4 MnO2
6. +5 Na3MnO4
7. +6 K2MnO4
8. +7 KMnO4
Source and Occuring

Manganese occurs mainly as the mineral pyrolusite

(MnO2), braunite, (Mn2+Mn3+6)(SiO12), psilomelane
(Ba,H2O)2Mn5O10, and to a lesser extent as
rhodochrosite (MnCO3).
Manganese can be found in manganese nodules
on the ocean floor, but these are currently
commercially unviable.
Commercially, manganese is produced by
reduction of its ores using aluminum.
 Source and Occuring (cont)

4. High purity manganese is made by

electrolysis of manganese sulfate in solution.
5. Ferromanganese
The manganese ore are mixed with iron ore
and carbon and then reduced either in a blast
furnace or in an electric arc furnace.
 Experimental Objective
 Studying the manufacture of manganese
compounds VI, manganese III and its
properties
 BASIS OF THEORY.

 Manganese is relatively abundant, and present in many deposits, especially

oxide, oxide hydrate, or carbonate. Metals can be obtained from him, or from
Mn3O4 obtained by baking it, by reduction with Al. Manganese
electropositive enough, and easily soluble in non oxidizing acids (Cotton,
2007: 459).
As a free element manganese is an important industry with
using metal alloys, especially in stainless steel. Compounds with
oxidation VI (green) is a strong oxidizing agent and highly vulnerable to
disproposionasi. Manganese is a white metal like iron. He is a hard metal,
very fragile, easily oxidized. Manganese ions have various colors, depending on
their oxidation state, and in indistri used as a pigment. Metal
manganese is ferromagnetic after being given treatment. Pure metal contained
as a form alotropik with 4 species.
 Apparatus and Materials
1. APPARATUS: 2. MATERIALS:
- Test Tube - KMnO
- Measure Glass - KMnO
- Chemical Glass - NaOH
- Tube Rack - H2SO4
- Funnel - MnO2
- Filter Paper - MnSO
 Procedure
 Manufacture of Manganese (VI)
1. Prepare 2 test tube. Put 10mL KMnO4 0.01M in
each test tube.
2. In first test tube, added 5mL diluted H2SO4 and a
little MnO2 and then shakes until 2 minutes. Filter
the solution
3. In second test tube, added 5mL diluted NaOH and
a little MnO2 and then shakes until 2 minutes.
Filter the solution
4. The result from the solution, if result become
green solution added by 5mL diluted H2SO4
 Procedure (cont)
 Manufacture of manganese (III)
1. Dissolved 5gr MnSO4 to 2mL diluted H2SO4
2. Then drooped by 5 drops concentrated H2SO4. chill
in to cold water
3. Then dropped by 5 drops KMnO4
4. Observe the colour of product, then added 50mL
aquadest.
 CONCLUSION
 1. Manganese is white with a hard but brittle nature.
2. Manganese is chemically reactive, and
decomposes cold water slowly.
3. Manganese VI has built tetrahedron, can be very
stable in solution
base and has a color that is really green.
4. In acidic or neutral atmosphere will experience
disproposionasi manganese VI.
5. MnSO4 plus H2SO4 which will give a little pink
color and the solution become warm.
6. Mn3 + ions unstable and easily reduced to Mn2 +