FIRE - The active

principle of burning,
characterized by the heat
and light of
combustion.
… rapid oxidation with the
evolution of light and heat.
Results of Rapid Oxidation
Specific Objectives of
Fire Prevention
To prevent fire from starting
To eliminate causes of fire
To save human lives and properties
To minimize losses if fire does occur
To confine fire in its point of origin
To put out the fire
Characteristics of Fire
 Fire is…
FAS
T
 A fire will double every 30 Seconds under normal conditions.

 In as little as 3 minutes, a small fire can erupt into a

“FLASHOVER”.

DARK
 A small fire can produce enough smoke to fill a building
in minutes.

 Smoke results in:

 Teary eyes
 Choking sensation
 Impaired judgment due to Carbon Monoxide (CO)
 Loss of spatial recognition
 Sedation effect - Respiratory failure 
 H
 Within minutes, air temperature in a burning room can reach
OT
300 degrees Celsius. This temperature is hot enough to melt
clothes, skin and scorch your lungs in one breathe.

 Temperatures can climb to between 650-760 degrees Celsius.

DEA
DLY Most people who die in fires, die from breathing smoke and
toxic gases.

 Carbon Oxide, Hydrogen Cyanide, Ammonia and hundreds

of other irritants attack your eyes, nose, throat and lungs.

 They numb your senses and leave you dazed.


 Fire is…
Makes you disorientated and stops you from
thinking and breathing.

Makes you breathe faster, which puts to rest the

option of holding your breath.

Mixes with moisture in the eyes, nose and

throat, which causes coughing and hacking.
Then turns into nitric acid, which starts to burn
the tissue. 
Common Causes of Fire
Electrical • Welding and Cutting
Incendiarism • Spontaneous Ignition
Leaking of LPG tank / • Static Electricity
rubber hose • Friction
Smoking
Hot Surfaces
Fire Triangle
 Methods of
Extinguishing Fire
Understanding How Fire Can Be Stopped
 Methods of
Extinguishing Fire
Understanding How Fire Can Be Stopped
Blanketing or Smothering
(Exclusion of Oxygen)
Blanketing or Smothering
(Exclusion of Oxygen)
Cooling or Quenching
Reduction of Heat
 Removal of Fuel
(Elimination of Fuel)

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 Removal of Fuel
(Elimination of Fuel)

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Classification of Fire
Fires are
The 4 Types are:
classified
by the  Class A
type of  Class B
FUEL  Class C
 Class D
they burn.
 Class A:
Ordinary Combustibles

Wood
Paper
Plastic
Rags
Class B: Surface Fire

Gasoline
Oil
Grease
Paint
Class C: Electrical Fire

Office Equipment
Motors
Switchgear
Heaters
Class D : Combustible Metals

 Potassium
 Sodium
 Aluminum
 Magnesium
 Incipient Stage

Stages of Fire
Understanding How Fire Starts
 Incipient Stage

There is no visible smoke or flame.

 Smoldering Stage

There is smoke but no flame.

 Flame Stage

There is smoke and flame.

 Heat Stage

There is uncontrolled superheated air.

Methods of Spread of Fire

Understanding How Fire Spreads

Heat Transfer by Radiation
Heat Transfer by Conduction

M
Ordinary combustible materials
E
T
A
L
Heat Transfer by Convection
HEAT TRANSFER BY DIRECT CONTACT

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 Portable
Fire Extinguishers
DRY CHEMICAL – (Mono
Ammonium Phosphate)

• Powder Type, less toxic,

Non-corrosive and non-
conductor of
electricity.
 Recommended usage: For A, B and C fires.

Identification: Red Color Cylinder.

Action against fires: Smoldering, Replacing oxygen with
Carbon Dioxide.
• CARBON DIOXIDE –

A snow like liquefied gas

type chemical. Less
toxic and non-
conductor of
electricity.
 Recommended Usage: For Class B & C fires.

Identification: Red cylinder with black band and big air

nozzle (horn).
Action against fires: Replacing Oxygen with CO2,
Cooling effect.
• AFFF -(Aqueous
Film Forming
Foam),
• water based with 3% or 6%
concentration. Not
recommended for Class C
types of fires.
Recommended Usage: For Class A and B fires.

Identification: Blue Cylinders

Smoldering and cooling effect.

 ENVIRONMENT
FRIENDLY
HYDROCHLOROFLOUROCARBON
(HCFC-123)

• Vaporizing liquid

•Clean agent and may

not affect sensitive
equipment
 Recommended Usage: For Class A, B and C fires.

Identification: Green Cylinders.

Effect against Fire: Replacing oxygen, thru chemical
reaction cutting the burning process.
ULL IM QUEEZE WEEP

Pull -the pin at the top of

the extinguisher that
keeps the handle from
being accidentally
pressed.
Aim -the nozzle
toward the base
of the fire.
Stand approximately
8 feet away from the
fire and squeeze the
handle to discharge
the extinguisher. If
you release the
handle, the
discharge will stop.
Sweep -the nozzle
back and forth at
the base of the
fire. After the fire
appears to be out,
watch it carefully
since it may re-
ignite!
Remember……….
The average hand portable
extinguisher will only operate for 15
to 30 seconds ----- There is NO TIME to
learn during an actual emergency.