Literary Terms

Allusion

An allusion is a figure of
speech that makes a reference
to something else, either
directly or by implication.
 Character
A character is a person or an
animal that takes part in the
action of a literary work.
Antagonist/Protagonist
•The antagonist is the character or
force in conflict with a main
character, or protagonist.
 Diction
• Diction is the manner in which
we express words; the wording
used.
• = enunciation
 Imagery
Imagery is words or phrases
that appeal to one or more of
the five senses.
 MOOD
Mood, or atmosphere, is the feeling
created in the reader by a literary
work or passage. Writer’s use
many devices to create mood,
including images, dialogue,
setting, and plot.
 Plot
Plot is the sequence of events.

The plot usually begins with an exposition that

introduces the setting, the characters, and the
basic situation. This is introduced and developed.
The conflict then increases until it reaches a high
point of interest or suspense, the climax. The
climax is followed by the falling action, or end, of
the central conflict. Any events that occur during
the falling action make up the resolution.
 PLOTLINE
Climax

Fa
ion

ll
ing
Act

Ac
ng

tio
Risi

n
Resolution
Exposition

Conflict Introduced
 Conflict

Conflict is the struggle

between opposing forces in
a story or play. There are
two types:
 External Conflict

External conflict exists when a character

struggles against some outside force, such
as another character, nature, society, or
fate.

Man vs. Man

Man vs. Nature
 Internal Conflict
Internal conflict exists within the mind of a
character who is torn between different
courses of action.

Man vs. Himself

 Flashback
A flashback is a literary device in
which an earlier episode,
conversation, or event is inserted
into the sequence of events.
 Foreshadowing
Foreshadowing is the author’s use of clues
to hint at what might happen later in the
story. Writers use foreshadowing to build
their readers’ expectations and to create
suspense. This is used to help readers
prepare for what is to come.
 Suspense
Suspense is the growing interest and
excitement readers experience while
awaiting a climax or resolution in a work
of literature. It is a feeling of anxious
uncertainty about the outcome of events.
Writers create suspense by raising
questions in the minds of their readers.
 Point of View
Point of View is the perspective from which
a story is told.
First-person is told by a character who uses
the first-person pronoun “I”.
Third-person limited point of view is the
point of view where the narrator uses
third-person pronouns such as “he” and
“she” to refer to the characters.
 Setting
The setting of a literary work is the time and
place of the action.

Details such as dialect, clothing, customs, and

modes of transportation are often used to
establish setting.
 Style
Style is the distinctive way in which
an author uses language.
Word choice, phrasing, sentence
length, tone, dialogue, purpose,
and attitude toward the audience
and subject can all contribute to
an author’s writing style.
 Theme
The theme of a literary work is its central
message, concern, or purpose. A theme can
usually be expressed as a generalization, or
general statement, about people or life.

The theme can be given directly or indirectly.

 Tone
Tone is a reflection of a writer’s or speaker’s
attitude toward a subject of a poem, story, or
other literary work. Tone may be communicated
through words and details that express
particular emotions and that evoke an emotional
response from the reader.
 Figures of Speech
A figure of speech is a specific device or kind of
figurative language, such as hyperbole,
metaphor, personification, simile, or
understatement.
Figurative language is used for descriptive effect,
often to imply ideas indirectly. It is not meant to
be taken literally.
 Metaphor
A Metaphor is a type of speech that
compares two unlike things without using
a connective word such as like, as, than,
or resembles.
Example: Life is a bowl
of cherries.
 Simile
A Simile is another figure of speech that
compares seemingly unlike things using
the words like or as.

Example: Her voice was like nails on a

chalkboard.
 Oxymoron
An Oxymoron is a figure of speech that is a
combination of seemingly contradictory
words.

Examples: Same difference

Pretty ugly
Roaring silence
 Personification
Personification is a figure of speech
in which an animal, object, force of
nature, or idea is given human
qualities or characteristics.

Example: Tears began to fall from

the dark clouds.
 Alliteration
Alliteration is the repetition of sounds, most
often consonant sounds, at the beginning
of words. Alliteration gives emphasis to
words.
Example: Peter Piper picked a peck of
pickled peppers
 Irony
• Contrast between expectation and
reality.
 Types of Irony
• Verbal irony- when a writer or speaker says one
thing but really means something completely
different.
• Situational irony- when there is a contrast
between what would seem appropriate and what
really happens.
• Dramatic irony- when the audience or reader
knows something that the character does not
know.
 Hyperbole

• Figure of speech that uses

exaggeration to express strong
emotion or to create a comic effect.
 Symbolism
• Person, place, thing or event that stands
for itself and something beyond itself as
well.
 Euphemism
• The substitution of a mild, indirect, or
vague expression for one thought to
be offensive, harsh, or blunt.
 Analogy
• Comparison mad between two things
to show how they are alike in some
respects.