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 Introduction

  What is autism?
Autism is a highly variable brain development disorder characterized by
impaired social interaction and communication, and by restricted and repetitive
behaviour.
  Signs of autism ±
 ×istory
  The new Latin word 3
  * nglish translation 3
) was coined
by the swiss psychiatrist  in 1910 as he was defining
symptoms ofschizophrenia. ×e derived it from the Greek word 3

and used it to mean morbid self-admiration.
  The word 3
 first took its modern sense in 1938 when × 
| adopted Bleuler's terminology 3

 
3

 in a
lecture in German about child psychology

 
   in 1943 introduced the label —3  3
—3
 in
1943.Almost all the characteristics described in Kanner's first paper
on the subject, notably "autistic aloneness" and "insistence on
sameness", are still regarded as typical of the autistic spectrum"
  Starting in the late 1960s autism was established as a separate
syndrome by demonstrating that it is lifelong, distinguishing it from
mental retardation and schizophrenia and from other developmental
disorders.
  As late as the mid-1970s there was little evidence of a genetic role in
autism; now it is thought to be one of the most heritable of all
psychiatric conditions.
 ]auses
  Brain development
  Pre-natal exposure
  ×eredity
  nvironment
  Immunization
  There is a common cause at the genetic, cognitive,
and neural levels for autism's characteristic triad of
symptoms

  Deletion*1), duplication *
) and inversion *3) are all chromosome abnormalities
that have been implicated in autism.
  Autism has a strong genetic basis, although the genetics of autism are complex
and it is unclear
 Symptoms

People with autism process and respond to information in distinctive ways such as:
  Resistance to change
 Difficulty in expressing needs
 Pointing or gesturing instead of words
 Repetitive words or phrases
 Inappropriate laughing or crying
 Little or no eye contact
 No real fear of danger
 Uneven gross/fine motor skills
 Non-responsive to verbal cues
 Acts as though deaf although hearing tests within normal range
 Noticeable physical over/under activity
It¶s important for parents to understand that, no matter the diagnosis, their autistic
child can learn and show gains
with the proper therapy.
 mechanism

  Autism's symptoms result from maturation-related changes in various systems of

the brain.

  Its mechanism can be divided into two areas:the pathophysiology of brain structures
and processes associated with autism, and the neuropsychological linkages between
brain structures and behaviors
  

M An excess of neurons that causes local overconnectivity
in key brain regions.
M Disturbed neuronal migration during early gestation
M Unbalanced excitatory-inhibitory networks
M Abnormal formation of synapses and dendritic spines,for example, by modulation
of the neurexin-neuroligin cell-adhesion system,or by poorly regulated synthesis of
synaptic protein.Disrupted synaptic development may also contribute to epilepsy,
which may explain why the two conditions are associated.

  
Two major categories of cognitive theories have been proposed about the
links between autistic brains and behavior.
M The first category focuses on deficits in social cognition.
M The second category focuses on nonsocial or general processing.
 Diagnosis
  Diagnosis is based on behavior, not cause or mechanism.

  A pediatrician commonly performs a preliminary investigation by taking

developmental history and physically examining the child.

  A pediatrician, a pediatric neurologist, a pediatric developmentalist, a child

psychiatrist, a child psychologist, speech and language therapists, and others work
together as a team to figure out what is wrong.
 Treatment
  The main goals of treatment are to lessen associated deficits and family distress,
and to increase quality of life and functional independence.

  No single treatment is best and treatment is typically tailored to the child's needs 
  When you have recognized the initial signs and completed the corresponding
treatments of autism,you should consult a neurotherapist.

  Depending on the signs of autism that your child has demonstrated, some or all of
the assessment tools might be employed.

  The neurotherapist can determine if the child has an autism spectrum disorder,
which one it is, and how severe it is.

  There is no cure for autism, but doctors, therapists, and special teachers can help
kids with autism overcome or adjust to many difficulties.
 conclusion

Autism, a brain development disorder is not a

disease or any dangerous disorder. Its just a ³mental illness´ which is even
observed in every individual. as there is no treatment for it ³let us show our
humanity´ and help the children and their parents to recover them very soon. let us
save our world from this ³mental illness´.
 References
  From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

  American Psychiatric Association. *
000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of

mental disorders, *DSm IV- TR) *4th ed.). Washington, D]: Author.
  www.kids health .org/kid/

  www.google.co.in

  ŒŒŒ |

—3