VIVEK JOSHI

Course :- B.I.S
I.D No. :- 2672057
Subject :- CP 795
Presentation Topic:- DNS
 The DNS is…
The “Domain Name System”
 Created in 1983 by Paul Mockapetris (RFCs 1034 and
1035), modified, updated, and enhanced by a myriad
of subsequent RFCs
What Internet users use to reference anything by
name on the Internet
The mechanism by which Internet software
translates names to addresses and vice versa
 THE DOMAIN NAME
SYSTEM
•The domain name system is usually
used to translate a host name into an IP
address .

•Domain names comprise a hierarchy

so that names are unique, yet easy to
remember.
DNS Hierarchy

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 IP Address
Class A :- 1 to 126
Net Host or Node 115. 24.53.107
Class B:- 128 to 191
Net Host or Node 145.24. 53.107
Class C:- 192 to 223
Net Host or Node 195.24.53. 107
Class D:- More than 224
Net Host or Node 224. 24.53.107
 Host name structure
Each host name is made up of a sequence of
labels separated by periods.
 Each label can be up to 63 characters
 The total name can be at most 255 characters.

Examples:
 whitehouse.gov
 barney.the.purple.dinosaur.com
 monica.cs.rpi.edu

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 Domain Name
The domain name for a host is the sequence of
labels that lead from the host (leaf node in the
naming tree) to the top of the worldwide
naming tree.

A domain is a subtree of the worldwide naming

tree.

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 Top level domains
edu, gov, com, net, org, mil, …
Countries each have a top level domain (2 letter
domain name).
New top level domains proposed.

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DNS Distributed Database
There is one primary server for a domain,
and typically a number of secondary servers
containing replicated databases.

rpi.edu DNS server

rpi.edu
rpi.edu rpi.edu
DNS DB
DNS DB rpi.edu
DNS DB
DNS DB

Authoritative Replicas

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 DNS Servers
Servers handle requests for their domain
directly.
Servers handle requests for other domains by
contacting remote DNS server(s).
Servers cache external mappings.

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 DNS Data
DNS databases contain more than just
hostname-to-address records:
 Name server records NS
 Hostname aliases CNAME
 Mail Exchangers MX
 Host Information HINFO

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 The Root DNS Server
The root server needs to know the address of 1st
(and many 2nd) level domain name servers

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rp alban
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 Server Operation
If a server has no clue about where to find the
address for a hostname, ask the root server.
The root server will tell you what nameserver to
contact.
A request may get forwarded a few times.

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 Refernces
Wiliams, E. ( 2007) DNS Retrieved October 1,
2007 from
http://www.scit.wlv.ac.uk/~jphb/comms/dns.
html
Peter, B. (2005) What is Domain Name System?
(2nd ed.) Tata McGraw hill
Thank You
Any Question????