Basic Nursing

Care

Prepared by Sr Amelework Fikre

( RN, Bsc In NSG, MSC In adult health )

02/23/2021 1
 Objectives
• at the end of the course the learner will be able to
• State the general instruction for Nsg procedures
• Define pt and pt unit
• Take care of pt unit and equipment in health care
facilities
• Admit and discharge pts according to agency policy
• Assist helpless pts to move and maintain normal

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 Some Medical Abbreviations
• Ac --- ante cibum (before meal)
• I.V – intravenous
• As (hrs of sleep (at bed time)
• L.P – lumbar puncture
• AM— morning
• NPO --- nothing peros (mouth)
• BP--- Blood pressure
• OPD – out pt department
• BID --- bis in die (twice a day)
• PRN --- As needed/necessarily
• CBC --- complete blood count
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• Q ------- Every
• CC ---- cubic centimeter
• QID ---- 4x a day
• CSF --- cerebro spinal fluid
• QH ---- every hour
• DNS --- dextrose in normal saline
• QD --- every day
• DW ---- dextrose in water
• QOD --- every other day
• Dx ----- diagnosis
• stat ----- immediately, at once
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• RBS --- roundam blood sugar
• Gut ---- genitourinary tract
• Tsp --- teaspoon,, table spoon
• GIT ---- gastro intestinal tract
• Hb/Hgb – hamoglobins
• Gtt ----- drops
• TID – 3x a day
• RBC --- red blood cells
• WBC --- white blood cells
• Wt ----- weight
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 Task 1 Prepare and Maintain Beds
 

Defn it is the process of cleaning of the Pt unit or room &

materials in thepts room.
• Pt unit: is the space where the pt iaccommodating
in hospital.
• Pt( patient): is a person who is waiting for or
undergoing medical Rx & care

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 Type of pt unit

• Private room
a room in which only one pt be admitted
• Semi-private room
a pt unit which can accommodate two pts
• Ward
a room which can receive three or more pts

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 Consists/ Equipment of pt unit

may include but not limited to Pressure care and

safety devices e.g. d/f types of mattress, Pillow,
foot rest, cotton ring, side rales, Bed cradle-----etc
• Bed, Bed side table, Over bed table, Chair , Walking
frames/sticks ,Splints, Shelves/Locker , Waste
container , Sputum mag, Water pitcher, Bed pan
---- Urinal, I.v stands ,Suction machine, O2 supply
apparatus (-cylinder with o2 ,mask , nasal cannula
& catheter) Over head light, Electrical out lets, Call
light etc.
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 Types of pt unit care
. Daily care- is a care given every day for pt unit &
consists
. Terminal care-is a care given for pt unit & consists
when the pt discharged.

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 General rules for cleaning pt unit & consist
•  Personal protective equipment is used according to
the organizational policy--- Protective clothing may
include: Eye glass, mask, Gloves, Impermeable gowns,
Hair protection or covering, Overshoes or safety
footwear, Aprons
• The bed and surrounding areas of medical and other
equipment are cleared before stripping the bed, where
necessary.
• Bed linen is checked for displaced, personal items, aids
and equipment should place in the appropriate
area/container.
• The client’s dignity and privacy are maintained.
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 Cont’d…

• Bed linen is striped, where necessary.

• Clinical waste is removed, and linen soiled placed in the
appropriate container
• Dry dusting not advisable (should be by sweeping)
• Should be done without disturbing or removing the pt from bed.
• should be done from top to bottom or from upward to downward
• While dusting/ sweepingpt unit dressing should not opened.
• Collect Clinical wastes andlinen soiled& put in to appropriate
receptacles.
• Wash, rinse & dry windows, doors, sinks, sputum mag& others.
• Clean table, chairs, shelves & others.
• Dispose, rinse, wash & soaked in disinfectant bed pan & urinal.

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• Mattresses and pillows are cleaned regularly and on discharge,
in accordance with the organizational procedures.
• Bed height is adjusted for occupancy and brakes are applied
according to bed type.
• Wash, rinse & mope the bed with disinfectant.(disinfectant
solutions may be berchina,Dettol,detergents))
• The floor should be swept, washed & mope with disinfectant.
• Clean water pitcher. &refill with fresh water.
• 20. Returning items to their correct locations
• Ensuring clean area around the pt/client
• Ventilate the room well
• Leave the room tidy & in order.

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 VENTNILATION & lighting of pt room
DEFN
A) Ventilation-is a process of making enough air circulating in the
room.
ordinary ventilation-done by opening doors windows for air
enters fromoutside.
Electrical ventilation -done by using electrical ventilator machine

B) Lightingis the process toget theroom sufficient lightb|c of

adequate light is required for all Nsg procedures & for pt comfort
N.B -natural (sun) light is more preferable than artificial light
during procedures.
 

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 TASK 2 CARE OF EQUIPMENT
DEFN
it is the process of managing materials used for
therapeutic and care services in either one of the
following step or in combination
• Discarding
• Washing /cleaning
• Drying
• Disinfection
• Sterilization
• Storing (restoring)
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 GENERAL TECHNIQUES& steps
• All used instrument soaked in chloroform for 15/20
minutes.
• After 20 minutes rinse by using cold water (Hot water
coagulates the protein and tends to make of adhere)
and remove any stick with brush .
• Then wash well in hot soapy water by using an brush,
Special attention should be given for hinges and
grooves
• Generally, used equipment should be soaked, washed
well under running water, disinfect or sterile, dry, and
store, this is so called care of used materials.
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Disinfection: is the process of minimizing micro
organism from materials by using disinfectant
(microcidial solution )
Sterilization: is the process of making materials
sterile by using either one of the following
• Autoclave (steam under pressure ) or moist heat
or steam sterilization.
• Hot ovan or Dry heat sterilization
• Ray (eg .Gamma) sterilization

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 Instrument Processing
Instrument Decontaminate
Processing

Sterilize High-Level
Chemical Clean Disinfect
High-pressure steam Boil
Dry heat Steam
Chemical

Dry/Cool and Store

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Common Methods of Sterilization
High-Pressure Steam Chemical
(autoclave)

Dry-heat
(oven)

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Sterile materials: are materials which free from all forms
of microorganisms including spore forms
• Do not clean/disinfect rubber goods and glass articles
with ether (alcohol)
• Wrap glass in gauze (cases) when sterilizing
• Protect mattresses with rubber sheets
• Identify d/f equipment & know their use to use
• Take care of equipment in health care facilities to not
damage
• Report promptly any damaged or missed equipment
• Do not sterile instruments longer than the correct time

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The following temperature/time ratios are
recommended:
170°C (340°F) 60 minutes
160°C (320°F) 120 minutes
150°C (300°F) 150 minutes
140°C (285°F) 180 minutes
121°C (250°F) overnight

Remember: Depending on the temperature selected, the total

cycle time (preheating, sterilization time, and cool down)
will range from about 2.5 hours at 170°C to more than 8
hours at 121°C.

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Techniques to remove stained substances
1. Iodine stained
- apply ammonia, rinse and wash with water
2. Ink stained
- First soak in cold water or milk for 24 hrs, then rub a past of
salt and lemon juice and finally allow to lie in the sun.
3. Tea \coffee stained
- wash in cold water and then pour boiling water on stained
and dry.
4. Mucus stained
- soak in salt water, then wash, rinse and dry.
5. Rust
- soak in salt and Lemon juice and then bleach in sun.

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Care of some specific equipment available in pt unit
Defn - a device used to receive faces\stool.
Care- should be emptied at once and rinsed with cold water running forcefully and
wash well with soapy water using brush.
-then disinfect with solution or placed in direct sun light for few hrs.
types
– The high back\Regular(standard) pan
– The low back\Slipper (fracture) pan

Urinal
Defn- a device used to receive urine.
Care - should be cleaned with a forceful stream of water, soap, brush
and then disinfect as bed pan.
Types
A) Female urinal
B) Male urinal
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 Basin and kidney dish

Defn- devices made of iron or plastic that used as a

container or receiver during procedures.
Care- should be washed with scouring powder or
Vim and disinfect with solution, dry and keep in their
proper place (store).
Enema or douche can
Defn- a special can used to introduce fluid into
rectum\vagina respectively.
Care - should be cleaned well and disinfected or
sterilized each time after use and stored well.
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 Gatch\Hospital bed
Defn- a manual bed which requires the use of
hand racks or foot pedals to manipulate into
desired position.
Care - should be wash, rinse and mope with
disinfectant solution especially when pt
discharged.

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 Pick up forceps and Jar
Defn- pick up forceps is large forceps used to take up
&transfer sterile materials from place to place also called
Transfer forceps
Care
. should be washed and sterile daily including the jar.
. should be kept in a jar filled 2\3 full with disinfectant.
dry
• hold the tip of pick up forceps down ward all the time.
• if the tip contact with unsterile object(contaminated),
sterile again before use.

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Sterile containers
Defn -any container with lid that contains sterile materials inside
(the inside of the container and lid are sterile while the out side
clean)
Care
- clean and sterile together with materials.
- keep it close always.
- while opening sterile container the lid should be placed on
object with inner side upwards and partially.
- use pick up forceps to remove sterile instruments from.
- do not touch inside of the container lid with any non sterile
object\hand.
- reclose immediately following removal of instruments.
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Glass ware
Defn- those instruments made of glass & used to
different activity
Eg.- medicine glasses
-glass test tubes
- measuring glass
Care
-Wash &rinse by using cold & soppy water, brush &
dry.
- Sterile in auto clave by wrapping with gauze or cloth
case
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 Rubber goods
Rubber bags
defn-
- A devices which ,made of plastic Such as-hot
water bottle ,ice bags ,ice coller
Care-after use should be washed with soap &
cold/warm (but never hot ) and hang the bags up
side down to drain & dry.
-then inflate &fill with air & plug stopper tightly to
keep inner sides from sticking together before
storing.
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 Rubber tubing
defn -a plastic tubes used for d/t procedures Such as:
Catheter, Chest tube, naso gastric tube, Rectal (flatus)
tube.
Care
-should be washed with cold/warm soapy water.
-while washing water should be run through the eyes of
the tube to make sure eyes are not blocked
- use applicator to clean around eyes if necessary
- Clamper should not be left on the tube
-tubes are sterilized & put away (stored) by rolling loosely
in a Cloth or gauze or in sterile kidney dish
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Rubber sheet
defn- a flat of d/t sizes plastic sheet used to barrier fluid
(secretion)Or to prevent wet
Care
-spread on table & wash
-first wash rubber part by using soapy water & clean cloth
for rubbing then turn of the other side & wash
- disinfect if required dry by hanging on a horizontal pole
in the shade (never put in direct sun light or contact to
fire).
- Apply powder, rolled (never fold)& store in the proper
place.
 
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 Giving care for pt on admission& discharge

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