Grammar Review for

Mid-Term Exam
BY ABDUS SALAM QURESHI
Prepositions
Prepositions – 1
A preposition is a word or group of words used before a
noun, pronoun, or noun phrase to show place, movement
and time.
Prepositions – 2 (Place)
Prepositions – 3

(Movement)
Prepositions – 4
(Time)
Prepositions Practice
Please see pages 105 to 108 in your book for more explanation and practice.
Present Simple
USE: TO TALK ABOUT THE ROUTINES / FACTS
Present Simple – 1
POSITIVE SENTENCES:
Plural Subject
Structure 1 : Plural Subject + V1 + object (No -s/-es with V1)
Example: I/we/you/they/Ali and Ahmed go to university at 7:30 am every
morning.
Singular Subject
Structure 2: Singular Subject + V1 (-s/-es) + object
Examples: He/she/Ali goes to university at 7:30 am every morning.
It works for me.
Present Simple – 2
NEGATIVE SENTENCES:
Plural Subject
Structure 1: Plural Subject + do + not + V1 + object. (No -s/-es with V1)
Example: I/we/you/they/Ali and Ahmed do not go to university at 8:30 am every morning.

Singular Subject
Structure 2: Singular Subject + does + not + V1 + object. (No -s/-es with V1)
Example: He/she/Ali does not go to university at 7:30 am every morning. (It works for me.)
Present Simple – 3
QUESTIONS
Plural Subject
Structure 1: Do + Plural Subject + V1 + Object + ? (No -s/-es with V1)
Example: Do we/you/they/ Ali and Ahmed go to university at 9 am?
Short Answers: Yes, we / I / they do. | No, we / I / they don’t.

Singular Subject
Structure 2: Does + Singular Subject + V1 + Object + ? (No -s/-es with V1)
Example: Does he/she/it work for you?
Short Answer: Yes, he /she/ it does. No, he /she/ it doesn’t.
Present Simple - 4
Please see pages 17, and 109 to 110 in your book for more explanation and practice.
Pronous
THEY TAKE THE PLACE OF A NOUN IN A SENTENCE TO
MAKE IT SMOOTHER AND CLEARER
Kinds of Pronouns – 1
Subject Pronouns: When the pronoun is the subject of a sentence.
Example: He lives in Doha. They study at Qatar University.

Object Pronouns: When the pronoun is the object of a sentence.

Example: My students talked to me yesterday. I didn’t meet him today.

Possessive Pronouns: We use possessive pronouns to tell us who owns something. We don’t use
an apostrophe with possessive pronouns.
Example: Is this iPhone yours? Are those books hers? This phone is mine.
Pronouns – 2
Please see pages 18 and 111 in your book for more explanation and practice.
Comparative &
Superlative Adjectives
Comparative & Superlative Adjectives
–1
Comparatives: We use comparative adjectives to compare two things.
Examples:
The iPhone 12 is better than iPhone 11.
The iPhone 12 (Mini) is smaller than iPhone Pro Max.

Superlatives: We use superlative adjectives to compare three or more things.

Examples:
Abdularahman is the tallest in our family.
I am the youngest in my family.
–2
Comparative & Superlative Adjectives
–3
Please see pages 28 and 113 to 115 in your book for more explanation and practice.
Present Continuous
USE: TO TALK ABOUT ACTIONS THAT ARE HAPPENING NOW,
AT THE MOMENT OF SPEAKING
Present Continuous – 1
POSITIVE SENTENCES:
‘I’ as a Subject
Structure 1: Subject ‘I’ + BE (am) + V1-ing + object
Example: I am teaching English.
Singular Subject
Structure 2: Singular Subject + BE (is) + V1-ing + object
Example: He / she / Ali is learning English.
Plural Subject
Structure 3: Plural Subject + BE (are) + V1-ing + Object
Example: We / You / They / Ali and Ahmed are learning English.
Present Continuous – 2
NEGATIVE SENTENCES:
‘I’ as a Subject
Structure 1: Subject ‘I’ + BE (am) + not + V1-ing + object
Example: I am not teaching Arabic.
Singular Subject
Structure 2: Singular Subject + BE (is) + not + V1-ing + object
Example: He / she / Ali is not learning Arabic.
Plural Subject
Structure 3: Plural Subject + BE (are) + not + V1-ing + Object
Example: We / You / They / Ali and Ahmed are not learning Arabic.
Present Continuous – 3
QUESTIONS:
‘I’ as a Subject
Structure 1: BE (Am) + Subject ‘I’ + V1-ing + object + ?
Example: Am I doing it right? (The first letter of a sentence is always capital.)
Singular Subject
Structure 2: BE (Is) + Singular Subject + V1-ing + object + ?
Example: Is he / she / Ali learning Arabic? Answer: Yes, he is. No, he isn’t.
Plural Subject
Structure 3: BE (Are) Plural Subject + V1-ing + Object + ?
Example: Are we / you / they / Ali and Ahmed learning Arabic? Answer: Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.
Present Continuous – 4
Please see pages 33 and 119 to 120 in your book for more explanation and practice.
Countable and
Uncountable Nouns
Countable and Uncountable Nouns
Nouns can be countable or uncountable.
Countable nouns can be counted, e.g. an apple, two apples, three
apples, etc.

Uncountable nouns cannot be counted, e.g. air, rice, water, etc.

When you learn a new noun, you should check if it is countable or
uncountable and note how it is used in a sentence.
Countable nouns
For positive sentences we can use a/an for singular nouns or some for plurals.
Examples:
There's a man at the door.
I have some friends in New York.

For negatives we can use a/an for singular nouns or any for plurals.

Examples:
I don't have a dog.
There aren't any seats.
Uncountable Nouns
Here are some examples of uncountable nouns:

bread rice coffee information

money advice luggage furniture

We use some with uncountable nouns in positive sentences and any with negatives.

There's some milk in the fridge.

There isn't any coffee.
Countable and Uncountable Nouns
Please see page 33 in your book for more explanation and practice.
Past Simple
USE: TO TALK ABOUT COMPLETED ACTIONS IN THE PAST
Past Simple – 1
POSITIVE SENTENCES:
Structure 1 (BE: Was/Were): Subject + was/ were + object
Examples
Singular subject: He was my friend when I was in high school.
Plural Subject: They were my friends when I was in high school.

Structure 2: Subject + V2 (-d/-ed) + object

Example: He played football yesterday evening.
Time markers: yesterday evening , in 1999, last year, 2 years ago…etc.
Past Simple – 2
NEGATIVE SENTENCES:
Structure 1 (BE: Was/Were): Subject + was/ were + NOT + object
Examples
Singular subject: He was not my friend.
Plural Subject: They were not my friends.

Structure 2: Subject + did + not + V1 + object

NOTE: Whenever we use ‘did’ in a sentence, we do not add –d or –ed after V1
Example: He did not play football yesterday evening.
Past Simple – 3
QUESTIONS
Structure 1 (BE: Was/Were): Was/Were + Subject + object ?
Examples
Singular subject: Was he your friend?
Plural Subject: Were they your friends?
Short Answers: Yes, he was. No, he wasn’t. Yes, they were. No, they weren’t.
Structure 2: Did + Subject + V1 + object ?
NOTE: Whenever we use ‘did’ in a sentence, we do not add –d or –ed after V1
Example: Did he play football yesterday evening?
Short Answers: Yes, he did. No, he didn’t.
Past Simple – 4
Please see pages 41 and 121 to 126 in your book for more explanation and practice.