Prospects Of B iofertilizers

CONTENT
 
• Biofertilizers
• Biofertilizers: an ecofriendly way to replace chemical fertilizers
• Types of Biofertilizers
-Nitrogen fixers
- Phosphrous & Phosphate suppliers
• Comparative overview of chemical fertilizers & Biofertilizers
• Advantages of Biofertilizers
• Limitations of Biofertilizers
• Future strategies
• Conclusion
DEFINATION
Biofertilizers includes selective microorganisms
like bacteria, fungi, algae which are capable of
fixing atmospheric N or convert insoluble
phosphate and other salts in the soil into forms
available to plants.
BIOFERTILIZERS: AN ECOFRIENDLY WAY TO REPLACE CHEMICAL
FERTILIZERS

• Increasing use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture make

country self dependent in food production but it destroy
environment and cause harmful impacts on living beings.
• When chemical fertilizers are excessively and continuously
used for a few years, they may create acidity or alkalinity in
the soil and deteriorate the quality of soil.
• The excess uses of chemical fertilizers in agriculture are
costly.
• Biofertilizers are low cost effective and eco-friendly
fertilizers which work without disturbing nature.
• They improve soil texture, pH, and other properties of soil
and serve as a good substitute of chemical fertilizers.
Photosynthesis: CO2 + H2O  carbohydrates (CHO) + O2

Major Cause: Nutrient

Deficiency In Soil

Nutrients are taken up primarily by the

roots in the form of an aqueous solution
in the soil
TYPES OF BIOFERTILIZERS:-
• Nitrogen fixers
1. Symbiotic: Rhizobium
2. Non symbiotic: Azotobacter, Azospirillum, Blue
green algae & Azolla.

• Phosphrous & Phosphate supplier

1. Phosphrous & Phosphate solubiliser: Bacillus,
Pseudomonas, Aspergillus
2. Phosphate absorber: V.A.Mycorrhiza (VAM fungi)
NITROGEN FIXERS :-
Rhizobium:-It is used for pulses crops (leguminous
plants)  it is available in packets and seed is treated
with rhizobium before sowing.

Azotobactor:- It can be used for other than leguminous

(onion, brinjal, cabbage, tomato, maize and potato).

 Azospirillum:-It is a non-symbiotic bacteria that can fix

nitrogen independently in the soil particularly suites to
grass family crops such as maize, jawar, bajra, ragi, and
sugar cane.
Azolla:-Azolla is a small aquatic fern with a branched
stem and bilobed leave.It is used in rice crops as
green manure form and dual crop form.

Blue green Algae:-It is suitable for only rice crop and

Various experiments have proved that the use of
algae increases the rice yield by 10-15%.
PHOSPHATE & PHOSPHROUS SUPPLIER:-

• Phosphobacteria is sold in polythene pockets, this

bacteria can convert unavailable form of phosphorus
into available form by solublizing.
• Bacteria like Pseudomonas and Bacillus are also
important phosphorus solubilizing soil microorganisms.
• Many fungi like Aspergillus and Penicillium are
potential solubilizers of phosphates.

• Vesicular Arbuscular  Mycorrhiza(VAM):- It

provides nutrients (especially the immobile ions such as
phosphate, zinc and micronutrients) to the plants.
 COMPARATIVE OVERVIEW OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZER AND BIOFERTILIZERS

Factors Chemical fertilizers Biofertilizers

Production Industrial, centralized Biological, small scale or
decentralized
Process chemical Biological
Raw materials Fossil fuel & others imported, based on Atmospheric nitrogen for nitrogen
and energy budget non-renewable energy sources, energy fixers, unavailable P for PSM and
intensive VAM, Organic residues for compost
decomposing organisms.Indigeous
and local, based on renewable
energy sources very low energy bill.
Efficiency 40-45% for nitrogenous fertilizers ,25- About 90% efficiency. Losses due to
33% or phosphatic fertilizers. leaching, fixation are negligible.
Heavy N losses due to leaching, P
availability decreased due to fixation.
Cost High Cost Low Cost

Pollution effect Exists due to discriminate use Pollution free

Soil health Indiscriminate use deteriorates the soil Improves the soil health
health
ADVANTAGES:-
• Increase crop yield by 25%
• They provide biological nitrogen directly to plants.
• They help in solubilization & mineralization of other
plants nutrients like phosphates.
• Stimulate plant growth.
• They improve soil properties and maintain soil fertility.
• They are eco-friendly and pollution free.
• They are cheap & can help to reduce fertilizer
consumption.
• Plays important role in the recycling of plant nutrients.
LIMITATIONS OF BIOFERTILIZERS:-

• Shorter self life(6 month).

• Sensitivity to temperature.
• More chance of contamination.
• Lack of instant visual effects on application.
• Nutrient provided by them is not enough for
high yield.
FUTURE STRATEGIES:-

• Quality:- Any new method to be adopted by

farmers has to face initial resistance. To
overcome this significant exhibition of
Biofertilizers as a highly input extensive
agricultural system, need to be demonstrated.

It is very important that the product entering the

market is of standard quality and has passed
through legal laws or quality.
• Role of Government in Promoting the use
of Biofertilizers:-

The Government should encourage the

private firms and research institutes to come
together cooperate and promote training
extension activity at farm level for farmers.
Here the research institutes have a great
responsibility towards ensuring the correct and
the high quality product enters the market along
with Government and thereby ensuring that
sub-standard product do not enter the market.
CONCLUSION
• Rich nutrients in Biofertilizers nutritious the
soil, prevents the soil erosion and compaction,
and give uninterrupted and healthy crop
growths.
 THANK YOU !!!!

GUIDED BY:- PRESENTED BY:

PALAK TRIVEDI RAJ D VAKIL