LP BY PASS

SYSTEM
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 Presentation outline
• Introduction of LP Bypass system
• Overview of LP Bypass
• System details and lay out
• Control scheme of LP bypass system
•

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 L.P. BYPASS SYSTEM

• LP bypass bypasses steam to IPT & LPT & maintain flow

through RH.
Function of LP bypass:-
1. To monitor the pressure in reheat system and to control it
under certain operating condition.
2. The volume of steam not utilized by the IPT & LPT during
start up & shut down must pass through condenser.

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 LP BYPASS SYSTEM

LP Bypass system provide a very effective means of

controlling reheat –steam flow during

 Startup
 Low-load / part load operation
 Sudden load rejection

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 LP BYPASS SYSTEM

It enhances fast starting capability of turbines from all

initial conditions e.g.

 Cold condition
 Warm condition
 Hot Condition

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 LP BYPASS SYSTEM
LP steam-bypass system operates in parallel with the
turbine

Protects Condenser from excessive temperature and

pressure that could result from sudden injection of
superheated steam

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 LP BYPASS SYSTEM

• The controls for LP Bypass system are combination of electrical

and well proven hydraulic system

• Electro-hydraulic converter provides the necessary link

between hydraulic actuator and electrical system

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 SEQUENCE OF EVENTS RESULTING FROM LOAD
REJECTION
Upon receiving load rejection signal from electrical
system:
 Turbine Speed Controller assumes control of
the TG set

 It initiates fast closure of HP & IP turbine

control valves through position controller

 Fast closure of turbine control valves cause an

immediate decrease in HP 1st. Stage pressure

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 SEQUENCE OF EVENTS RESULTING FROM LOAD
REJECTION
 Pressure increases in main and reheat steam
systems

 These pressure changes are sensed by HP and LP

Bypass controllers

 Respective bypass valves are opened

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 • If LP steam- bypass system fails or the
condenser cannot accept LP bypass
steam , Safety Valves open and dump
steam to atmosphere

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 System details and layout
• The controls for LP Bypass system are combination
of electrical and well proven hydraulic system

• Electro-hydraulic converter provides the necessary

link between hydraulic actuator and electrical
system

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 Control scheme

• Set point formation

• Pressure control for LP bypass system
• LP bypass HYDRAULIC System
• Protection system

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 Control scheme
• The LPBypass Controller acts as a maximum
pressure Controller

• It regulates the reheater pressure either to the

fixed set value or suitably derived variable set
value

• If the reheater pressure exceeds this set value,

the Controller causes the electro-hydraulic
converter to operate and initiate bypass
operation

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 Set Value formation

The Two set values – fixed and variable are formed for the
LPBypass control system
set value to be used is determined by a maximum value
selector
For the formation of variable set point, a pressure
transducer is used to measure the steam pressure in HP
turbine

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 Bypass Controller – Block Diagram

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 LP Bypass System

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 Features of LPBP Controller
• LPBP controller maintains pressure after reheater
by controlling LP bypass valves
• It acts on the coil of the LPBP E-H converter to
position the control valves.
• Two setpoints, fixed and variable are used in
maximum selection circuit
• Variable setpoint is derived from HP first stage
pressure
• Water spray is in two stages depending on steam
flow through LPBP stations.
• LPBP valves cannot open until adequate spray
water pressure and required vacuum is there and
condenser wall temp is not high.
• Valves can also be operated manually
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 LP BYPASS SETPOINTS

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CONTROLLER
OUTPUT
CHARACTERI
STICS

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 Hydraulic Mode of Operation

• The controller controls plunger coil of Electro Hydraulic

Converter
• With increase in voltage, the jet pipe is deflected towards
right
• Converter piston moves downwards leading to generation of
LPB signal oil through Follow-up pistons provided in the
hydraulic control system

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 Hydraulic Mode of Operation

• Two Follow-up Pistons actuate and open first stage of

water injection valve
• Remaining two Follow-up Pistons generate signal oil for
opening LPBypass stop and control valve
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 ADJUSTMENT
OF
LPBYPASS
CONVERTER

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 Design of LPBypass Valves for 210 MW
Steam Turbine

• Controlled by 8
bar mineral oil

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 Design of LPBypass Valve for 500
MW Steam Turbine

• Controlled by 36 bar FRF

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 Protection Devices

 Low Vacuum Condensor Protection

 Spray Water Pressure Switch
 Condensor Temperature Protection
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 Protection Devices cause closure of
bypass station in case of following
eventualities

a) Condensor vacuum is low ( > 0.6 bar absolute )

b) Spray water pressure is low (< 8.5 / 9.5 bar )
c) Temperature of condenser body is high (> 90° C )

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 Water Injection Valves operate in two stages

• Second stage Water Injection Valves open

when steam flow through LPBypass Valves
increases more than 45 %
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 CURVE FOR LPBYPASS
CONTROLLER

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 Damping device

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 Actuator Bypass
Stop Valve
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 Actuator
LPBPCV
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500 MW
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 Pilot valve
for Water
Injection Valve

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 Water
Injection
Valve

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 Combined Bypass
Stop & Control
Valve 210 MW

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 Feedback for Pilot valve of
Bypass Control Valve 210 MW

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 THANK YOU

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