BRIEF HISTORY OF THE

FILIPINO PEOPLE
CHAPTER 2- Pre-Colonial Life and
Culture
 Accdgto Prof F. Landa Jocano- The Filipinos possessed an
elaborate civilization in the past.

 1.Accdg to Jocano, scholars all over the world have

tentatively agreed on ten major indices of cultural
achievement as criteria for classifying societies into
“civilized and non-civilized”.

 These standards are:

1] effective technology
2] big population centers
3] possession of predictive sciences
4] highly developed art
5] existence of foreign trade
6] presence of writing
7] religion
8] public monuments
9] system of government
1O] laws
11] warfare

 Houses

 Bahay kubo
 Batalan
 Kalingas and Apayaos built their houses on tree tops for

protection from their enemies

 2. Badjaos of Sulu lived in boat-houses

`
 Mode of Dressing
 The male Filipinios wore Kanggan- upper part
of their clothing-collarless short-sleeved jacket
 Bahag-a strip of cloth wrapped around the
waist and in between the legs

 The chief wore a red jacket while the lower-

ranked men wore either black or blue.

 The women wore baro or camisa, a wide

sleeved-jacket, the upper part of their clothing,
and saya or patadyong as their skirt or lower
part.
 Ornaments

 Kalumbiga-gold armlets, gold necklaces, gold

bracelets, and pendants.

 4. Pintados- most tattooed Filipinos

 Social Classes

 5-7. Three social classes:

- nobles
- free men
- dependents [aliping sagigilid & aliping
namamahay]
 Pre-colonial Women
 Prehispanic religious rituals were always
performed

 The 8.Tagalog Katalona, the 9. Visayan

Babaylan or the Bicol Baliana always served as
an intermediary between the people and the
spirit world.

 The Government

 1O. Barangay-”balangay”
 Datu, Hari or Rajah
 Baranganic Relations

 Sanduguan=blood compact

 Laws

 Maragtas Code

 Omolohocan - crier
 Judicial Process

 Trial by ordeal-pagsubok

 Religion

 Supreme Being-Bathalang Maykapal

 Idianale-god of agriculture
 Sipada-god of death
 Agni-god of fire
 Mandarangan- god of war
 Lalahon-goddess of harvest
 Siginarugan-god of hell
o Marriage Customs

o Bigay-kaya-dowry
o Paninilbihan

o Puberty Rites and Sexuality

o Circumcision-for their sons done for “their

health and cleanliness”.
o 11. Katalona-priestess bathed the young girl
after menstrual period.
o Bagontao or single men
o Dalagas or maidens

o Burial and Mourning Practices

o 12. Laraw-mourning for a dead chieftain

o Maglahe- for a dead man
o Morotal- for a dead woman
o Caluwalhatian- hallowed abode
o Education

o Asokan

o Languages & Literature

o Malayo-Polynesian
o Salawikain-proverbs
o Awit-songs
o Hele-cradle songs
o Bugtong-riddles
o Ihiman-wedding song
o Kumintang-war song
 ASSIGN:7-30-19

 CITE
ANDE ELABORATE THE SPECIFIC
EVIDENCES PROVING THE EXISTENCE
OF A PRE-SPANISH CIVILIZATION IN
THE PHILS.
 Hudhud & Alim- Ifugao’s epic
 Aliguyon-Ifugao’s hero
 Biag ni Lam-ang-a mythicalepic about an
ethnic demi-god-hero, Lam-ang
 Bantugan, Indarapatra, Sulayman-several pre-
Muslim epics

 The Art

Economic Life
Kaingin system
Tillage system
Carabao-water buffalo
 Subsistence Economy and Social Transition

 Subsistence agriculture
 Primitive communalism
 ASSIGN: 12-3-19

1. WHAT ARE THE CULTURAL CONTRIBUTIONS

OF THE FF:
1. MALAYS
2. INDONESIANS
3. NEGRITOES

2. DESPITE OUR RICH NATURAL RESOURCES,

WHY DOES OUR COUNTRY STILL REMAIN A
POOR COUNTRY?
 ASSIGN/SEATWORK: 12-27-20

 CITE
AND ELABORATE SPECIFIC
EVIDENCES PROVING THE EXISTENCE
OF A PRE-SPANISH CIVILIZATION IN
THE PHILIPPINES.
 Climate
- 13-14. Two distinct seasons- the dry season
from March to June, and wet season from July
to October

 Natural Resources
 - 15. FALSE Phils. Is endowed by nature with

fertile and arable soil and rich and abundant

natural resources.
 - main crops are rice, coconut, corn, abaca,

sugar and tobacco

- 3,8OO species of trees
 - 2,OOO species of fish
 -16. butanding in Donsol. Sorsogon

 16.
Pandaka pygmea- smallest fish in the
world

 17. “Glory of the sea”-world’s most expensive

shell
 “Tridacna gigas”- world’s largest shell
• ASSIGN: 11-29-12

• NAME AT LEAST 15 NATURAL WONDERS AND

SCENIC SPOTS IN OUR COUNTRY, AND WHERE
THEY ARE LOCATED. Explain briefly
 Natural Wonders and Scenic spots
- Ifugao Rice Terraces in Banawe, Northern
Luzon
- Mayon Volcano in Albay
- 1OOO Chocolate Hills of Bohol
-Cathedral caves of Callao in Cagayan Province
-Hundred Islands of Pangasinan
-Subterranean river in Palawan
-Maria Cristina Falls in Mindanao
-Pagsanjan falls in Laguna
-Mt. Banahaw in Quezon province
 Other tourist destination areas are Vigan in
Ilocos Sur, Paugdpud in Ilocos Norte, the
famous Boracay, Baguio-the summer capital of
the Phils, and Sagada in Mountain Province
 Puerto Galera in Oriental Mindoro, Pagsanjan

Rapids, Mt. Banahaw, Puerto Azul, Donsol in

Sorsogon, and Caramoan in Camarines.

 Origin of the Philippines

 18-2O. Three theories about the origin of the

Philippines
1. Land bridge theory
2. Part of a lost continent
3. Volcanic in origin
 The Filipino Race
 -Accdb tp H. Otley Beyer-Filipinos are

predominantly Asian in race- Malay 4O%,

Indonesian 3O%, Negrito, Chinese 1O%, Indian
8%, American 3%, Arab 2%.

 Filipino-referred
to the Insulares [Spaniards
who were born in the Phils.]

 Migration Theory
 Asian Migration

 Accdg. To Prof. Beyer, three Asian peoples, the

Negritoes, the Indonesians and the Malays
migrated to the Phils. Long before the birth of
Christ.
 The Negritoes, the first inhabitants came to

our country about 22,OOO BC from mainland

Asia via the land bridges.
 The Indonesians came into the Phils. in two

waves- in 3OOO BC, and the at about 1OOO

BC.
 The First Filipino

 Tabon Man-the first known Filipino who lived

in Palawan at about 22OOOBC.

 Character Traits of the Filipinos

 Hospitable,gentle and peaceful

 Religiosity

 Loyalty and gratitude

 Adaptability

 Close family ties

 Regionalistic

 Respect for elders

 Happy people, resilient