UNIT 4

DESCRIBING
PEOPLE, THINGS,
& HISTORICAL
PLACES
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 Learning Overview

Describing People, Things, and Historical

Places

Pronunciation Essential
Interlude 1 Interlude 2
Center Grammar

Forming Yes/No Understanding Identifying &

Questions Mind Map Descriptive Text Forming
Adjectives
 PRONUNCIATION CENTER
Yes/No Questions

What Is It?
• If a declarative sentence contains:
 an auxiliary verb ‘have’ or ‘be’,
 a modal auxiliary such as ‘may’ or ‘could’,
 or the copular form of ‘be’,
• A ‘yes/no question’ is created from the sentence by applying
the rule of ‘subject-auxiliary’ (or ‘subject-aux’) inversion.
PRONUNCIATION CENTER
Yes/No Questions
Subject Auxiliary Inversion
This is rule of ‘subject-auxiliary’ inversion.
Form Subject-Auxiliary Invertion
1. copular be a. He is a policeman.
b. Is he a policeman?
2. modal could + verb a. She could do it.
b. Could she do it?
3. aux is + verb (present a. She is sleeping right now.
participle) b. Is she sleeping right
now?
 PRONUNCIATION CENTER
Yes/No Questions
Subject Auxiliary Inversion
This is rule of ‘subject-auxiliary’ inversion.
Form Subject-Auxiliary Invertion

4. aux has + verb (past participle) a. The boss has read the report.
b. Has the boss read the report?

5. modal should + aux have + verb a. He should have read the report.
(past participle) b. Should he have read the report?
 PRONUNCIATION CENTER
Yes/No Questions
Subject Auxiliary Inversion
This is rule of ‘subject-auxiliary’ inversion.

Form Subject-Auxiliary Invertion

6. modal could + aux have + aux a. She could have been working then.
been + verb b. Could she have been working
(present participle) then?
 INTERLUDE 1
Mind Map
What Is It?
A mind map is a visual
representation of hierarchical
information that includes a
central idea surrounded
by connected branches of
associated topics.
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 INTERLUDE 2
Descriptive Text

What Is It?
• Descriptive text is a text which says what a person or
a thing is like.

• It describes something that the writer experienced and, through his

choice of words, makes it seem real.

• You write descriptive text when you want your reader to picture what
you’re describing.
 ESSENTIAL GRAMMAR
Adjective-Noun
What Is It?
• Adjectives describe noun or pronoun.
• Adjectives give a little different meaning to a noun.
• Examples of noun: student, school
• Examples of adjectives: beautiful, young, rich, modern, interesting,
fantastic, unforgettable
• Examples in sentences:
 Tina is a student.
Noun
 Tina is a dilligent student.
Adj Noun
 ESSENTIAL GRAMMAR

Adjective-Noun
Countable & Uncountable Nouns
• A countable noun can be singular (car) or plural (cars).
• We can use numbers with countable nouns, we can say ‘one car’,
‘two cars’, etc.
• An uncountable noun has only one form such as music, furniture,
money and etc.
• We cannot use numbers with uncountable nouns. We cannot say
‘one music’ or ‘two musics.’
 ESSENTIAL GRAMMAR

Adjective-Noun
How to Use It?
Sometimes we use more than
one adjective in front of a noun
such as:
In the kitchen there was a beautiful
large round wooden table.

Adj Adj Adj Adj Noun

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 ESSENTIAL GRAMMAR
Adjective-Noun

How to Use It?

• Adjectives like new, large, round, wooden are fact adjectives. They give
factual information about age, size, color, etc.
• Adjectives like niceor beautiful are opinion adjectives. They tell what
somebody thinks of something.
• Opinion adjectives usually go before fact adjectives.
For Example:
– It is a nice long holiday.
– Brian is an interesting tall young man.
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